Ancient Greece

1

2
Early People of the Aegean

• Minoan Civilization
• Migrated from the Island of Crete
• Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
• Success through sea trade
• Rulers lived in the palace at Knossos
• Disappeared by 1400 BC
• Volcanic eruption
• Earthquake
• Tidal Wave (Tsunami)
• Invaders (Mycenaean)

3
Art of the Minoans
4
Rulers of Mycenae

• First record of Greek-speaking people
• 1400 BC to 1200 BC
• Sea traders
• Warrior-king built a thick-walled fortress
• Ruled surrounding villages
• Lots of treasure, especially gold ornaments

5
Art of the Mycenaean
6
Trojan War

• Around 1250 BC
• Economic rivalry between Mycenaean and Troy (a
  city now in Turkey)
• Troy controlled the Dardanelles Strait (narrow
  water passages) that connect the Black Sea and
  Mediterranean sea.

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Who Is This Person?
11
The Age of Homer

• Homer
• Lived around 750 BC
• Blind poet
• Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, two famous
  historical epic poems
• Iliad is a major source for the Trojan War
• Odyssey describes how Odysseus returned home to
  his faithful wife, Penelope, after the fall of
  Troy
• Both provide insight to the values of ancient
  Greeks such as honor, courage, and eloquence

12
The Real Homer
13
The Rise of Greek City-States
The Rise of Greek City-States

• Small city-states developed (30,000 - 100,000)
• Sailors traded
• olive oil
• wine
• marble
• metals
• By 750 BC, rapid population growth forced many
  Greeks to uproot, bringing their ideas and
  culture with them

14
The Polis

• Unique version of the city-state, developed after
  750 BC
• Built usually on a hilltop (acropolis)
• Temples dedicated to gods and goddesses
• Included homes, theater, and an agora
  (marketplace)

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
Early Governments

• 750-500 BC, different forms of government
  evolved
• Monarchy
• Ruled by King or Queen
• Aristocracy
• Ruled by wealthy landowners
• Oligarchy
• Rule by middle-class farmers, merchants, and
  artisans

18
Example of a Phalanx
19
American Football is based on the phalanx
formation
20
Changes in Warfare

• Military technology increased power of the middle
  class
• Iron weapons and tools replaced bronze
• Made helmets, shields, and swords
• Phalanx
• Heavily armed soldiers in rows

21
Sparta A Nation of Soldiers

• Were part of the Dorians culture
• Great soldiers
• Conquered people into slaves called helots
• Brutal system of strict controlexecutions
• Government 2 kings and a council of elders
• Citizens approved all major decisions
• Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the
  age of 30
• Assembly elected 5 ephors or officials who held
  the real power and ran day-to-day affairs.

22
Where Is Sparta?
23

• From birth, Spartans were part of a military
  state
• Healthy babies lived sick or weak babies were
  left to die
• At 7, boys were sent to the barracks (military
  training)
• At 20, they could marry, but had to live in the
  barracks
• At 30, they took their place in the assembly
• Spartans isolated themselves from other Greeks
  and forbade their citizens to travel

24
Athens A Limited Democracy

• Government evolved from a monarchy to an
  aristocracy
• Ordinary people were discontent (dissatisfied)
• Athens moved toward democracy (government by the
  people)
• Only male citizens could participate in
  government

25
Where Is Athens?
26
(No Transcript)
27
Women

• Sparta Women
• Trained to produce healthy sons for the army or
  else
• Obey fathers and husbands
• Could inherit property
• Men were occupied with war, so some women were in
  charge of entire estates

• Athens Women
• No share in public life
• Guided by men
• Lived in seclusion (lonely)
• Managed the entire household
• Spun, wove, cared for their children, and
  prepared food.

28
Forces of Unity

• Shared a common Greek culture
• Same language
• Greek
• Same gods
• Polytheistic (belief in many gods) Zeus was the
  most powerful
• Same heroes
• Hercules Jason and the Argonauts Perseus
  Odysseus
• Same festivals
• Olympic games

29
(No Transcript)
30
Victory in the Greek World

• The Persian Wars (Athenians vs. Persians)
• Greeks rebelled against Persian rule in 499 B.C.
• Pe rsian emperor, Darius, sent a huge force to
  attack
• Force landed in Marathon 490 BC
• Greeks sent Pheidippides to carry news to Athens
  he sprinted 26.2 miles and died. Marathons today
  are 26.2 miles.
• Greeks defeated Persians
• Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in
  Greece

31
Golden Age of Athens

• Pericles
• A noble statesman
• Economy thrived
• Government became democratic
• 460 BC to 429 BC is often called the Age of
  Pericles
• Rebuilt the Acropolis
• Athens became the cultural center of Greece
• Paid salaries and enabled poor men to serve

32
(No Transcript)
33
Peloponnesian War

• 431-404 B.C. Athens vs. Sparta
• Athens attacked by sea
• Sparta attacked by land
• Plague broke out, killing 1/3 of the population,
  including Pericles
• 404 B.C. with help from the Persians, Sparta
  captured Athens
• Democratic government suffered
• Corruption and selfish interests ran rampant

34
Recall (You May Use Your Notes)

• What are 3 aspects from the Ancient Greece
  presentation that interest you the most?
• Aspect 1
• Aspect 2
• Aspect 3