Ancient Greece

1
Ancient Greece

• Peloponnesian War and the Rise of Macedonia

2
Key Terms

• Peloponnesian League
• Peloponnesian War

3
Peloponnesian League

• Athens assumed power over the city-states of the
  Delian League
• Sparta grew upset with Athens
• Sparta formed an alliance with other city-states
  to challenge Athens and the Delian League

4
War

• Leaders of both Sparta and Athens pushed for war
  because they thought they had the advantage
• Spartans had stronger army and protected by land
• Athens had stronger navy

5
War Begins

• Pericles wanted to avoid land battles
• Spartans march into Athens countryside burning
  food supply of Athens
• Athenians ordered into city walls
• City safe as long as ships could bring supplies
  to Athens from its colonies

6
Disaster Strikes

• Second year of war
• A plague killed 1/3 2/3 of Athens population,
  including Pericles
• Athens continued to fight
• Two sides signed a truce after being worn down

7
Athens Attacks

• 6 years later, Athens attacks city-state of
  Syracuse on island of Sicily, a Spartan ally
• Athenians are destroyed during 2 years of
  fighting
• Athens fight for 9 more years, eventually
  surrendering to Sparta
• Lose empire, power, and wealth

8
What Happened to ?

• Athens

• Sparta

• Never regained strength
• Still wealthy and center of culture
• Lost political power

• Won war
• No idea what to do next
• Did not become a great city-state or empire

9
Rise of Macedonia

• Kingdom just north of Greece
• Rough terrain of mountains
• Cold climate
• Hardy people that lived in mountain villages
• Nobles thought they were Greeks, but Greeks
  looked down on them

10
Philip II

• Became king of Macedonia at age of 23 years old
• Wanted to control Greece, and take wealth from
  Persians
• Made peasants into well-trained army

11
Macedonian Military

• Organized into phalanxes of 16 men across 16
  deep, each with 18-foot pike
• Phalanx would break through enemy lines
• Cavalry then destroy disorganized opponents
• After success in north, began planning invasion
  of Greece

12
Conquest of Greece

• Greek city-states warned of power of Philip IIs
  army, and told to unite
• City-states couldnt agree on anything
• Macedonians easily defeated Greeks, ending Greek
  independence
• City-states still allowed to self-govern, but
  under control of Macedonia

13
Death of Philip II

• Philip planned to invade Persia, but never got
  the chance
• Former guard stabbed him at his daughters
  wedding
• His son, Alexander, proclaimed himself king

14
Reflection

• Summarize the chain of events leading to the
  eventual fall of Ancient Greece.