Symbiotic Relationships

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Symbiotic Relationships
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Symbiotic Relationships

• symbiosis - the relationship between two
  different individual species that live together
  in a close relationship (living together)
• The word symbiosis can be broken down into two
  parts to determine its meaning
• sym means together
• bio means life

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Types of Symbiosis

• There are three types of symbiotic relationships
• Mutualism (, )
• Commensalism (, 0)
• Parasitism (, -)

• Each relationship can be shown using , - , or 0

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Mutualism

• mutualism - a relationship where both organisms
  benefit
• A / relationship
• Think of a normal friendship where both friends
  gain something from the friendship

The acacia galls are homes to stinging ants and
the ants defend acacia from other insects that
would harm tree leaves.
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MutualismFlowers and their Pollinators
(Example  Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar
and spread pollen.)
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Mutualism
The moray eel gets a clean mouth and the cleaner
fish gets a meal.
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Mutualism Birds and mammals eat berries and
fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal
of it seeds.
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Mutualism
The oxbird gets rid of the parasiteson the
antelope and allows the oxbird to have a meal.
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Mutualism Cleaners eat insect pests from the
skin of animals.
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Mutualism Algae and Fungi (Lichen) - Alga gets
water and nutrients from the fungus and the
fungus gets food from the algae.
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Mutualism Many herbivores such as cows, sheep,
deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that
live in their stomachs to break down the plant
material.
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Mutualism The corals get food and the algae are
protected.
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Commensalism

• commensalism a relationship where one species
  benefits while the other species remains
  unaffected
• A / 0 relationship
• Think of a friendship where one of the friends
  benefits while the other doesnt change

Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale
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CommensalismOne species uses a second organism
for housing such as small mammals or birds that
lives in holes in trees or orchids which live in
trees.
Orchid in rainforest Venezuela
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Commensalism
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass and
theegrets hang around and eat insects.
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Commensalism
Clown fish get their protection from the sea
anemone and the anemone is unaffected.
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Commensalism
Shark eats and the remora gets the scraps left by
the shark.
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Parasitism

• parasitism a relationship where one organism
  benefits (parasite) while the species it depends
  on (host) is harmed
• host an organism on which a parasite lives
• A / - relationship
• Think of a friendship where you might feel used
  by your friend

Parasitic isopod on fish
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ParasitismTicks and fleas that live in a host
animal's fur bite the animal and drink its blood
are parasites.
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Parasitism
Mistletoe takes moisture and nutrients from the
plant while the woody plant has to support itself
and the mistletoe.
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ParasitismInsects such as mosquitoes feeding on
a host are parasites.
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The tick eats the blood of a human and the human
receives Lyme disease from the tick.
Parasitism
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ParasitismVines such as Kudzu growing on Trees
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ParasitismTomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs
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The tapeworm attaches itself to the intestines of
a dog and the tapeworm takes nutrients from the
dog.
Parasitism
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ParasitismTapeworm or Hookworms living in Host's
Gut
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Symbiosis Brain Pop