Relationships in Nature

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Relationships in Nature

• BIO108

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Symbiosis

• Living together
• A partnership
• Two different species
• Both partners benefit mutual benefit

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Animal Kingdom

• Nile crocodile crocodile bird
• Hermit crab sea anemone
• Buffalo oxpecker
• Shark remora fish

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Crocodile Bird

• Nile crocodile
• Usually eats animals
• Allows bird to walk around its mouth
• Crocodile bird
• Cleans parasites in crocs teeth
• Removes and eats scraps of food
• Eats harmful leeches and parasites

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Hermit Crab Sea Anemone

• Hermit crab
• protects the crab
• Sea anemone
• Gets leftover food

http//www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.ht
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Buffalo Oxpecker

• Buffalo
• Lets the bird eat
• Oxpecker
• Eats ticks and other parasites off skin
• Warns buffalo of danger
• http//www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.ht
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Shark and Remora Fish

• Shark
• Lets the fish eat
• Remora Fish
• Eats parasites
• Gets the sharks leftovers

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Lichen

• Slow growing plants
• Partnership fungi algae
• Neither could live alone

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Relationships

• Phoresis
• Commensalism
• Mutualism
• Parasitism

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Phoresis

• Loose association
• One organism is smaller than other
• Larger organism used for transport
• Dung beetles and cow dung

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Commensalism

• eating together at the same table
• Only one member benefits
• sharing space, defense, shelter, food
• Neither will die if relationship is ended
• Shrimp sea cucumber

http//www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.ht
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Mutualism

• Both organisms derive mutual benefit
• Intimate and obligatory
• Neither can survive without the other
• Example host and parasite
• Tickbirds and rhinos
• Clownfish sea anemone

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Parasitism

• Not symbiotic
• Causes harm to host

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