Symbiotic Relationships in Coral Reefs

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Symbiotic Relationships in Coral Reefs
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Symbiosis

• Living Together

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Types of Symbiosis

• Mutualism
• Both the symbiont and host benefit.
• Commensalism
• The symbiont benefits with little effect on the
  host.
• Parasitism
• The symbiont benefits to the detriment of the
  host.

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• Aegism
• An association for protection
• Inquilism
• One organism shelters within another organisms
• Endoecism
• One org shelters in the burrow or defensive
  shelter of another
• Phoresis
• One org uses another for transportation
• Epizoism
• - A sessile org lives on top of another

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Obligate Versus FacultativeRelationships
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Obligate Relationship Relationship is necessary
for organism to survive Ex. coral and
zooxanthellae Facultative Relationship Can
survive without symbiont, but not as well Ex.
anemone fish and anemone
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Symbioses Involving Corals
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Mutualism
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zooxanthellae and corals
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• Zooxanthellae give corals
• Increase coral growth by enhancing calcification
  process
• Provide energy
• Give oxygen
• Coral give zooxanthellae
• Nitrogen waste
• A place to live
• Carbon dioxide waste
• Protection through their hard skeletons and
  stinging cells
• Harmful UV light is filtered by coral pigments

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Trapezia crab coming out of its host coral
(Pocillopora damicornis) to attack the arm of an
invading Crown of Thorns Starfish
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Christmas tree worms and Porites corals
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Commensalism
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coral shrimps and corals
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gall crabs and pocilloporid corals
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petroglyph shrimp and Porites lobata
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Parasitism
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Epitomium snails andmushroom corals
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parasitic flatworms and rice coral
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parasitic nudibranchs
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coral zits on Porites compressa
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bacterial diseases on corals
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Symbioses Involving Other Reef Organisms
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Mutualism
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anemonefish and sea anemones
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goby shrimp and the Hawaiian shrimp goby
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cleaner wrasse cleaning stations
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banded coral shrimp
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scarlet cleaner shrimp
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sea cucumber crab and sea cucumbers
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pompom crabs and sea anemones
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anemone hermit crab and sea anemones
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Camouflage
Decorator Crab
Sponge crab
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Hunting strategies
Plectropomus pessuliferus
Gymnothorax javanicus
coral reefs in the Red Sea
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Mangrove and sponges
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Commensalism
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squat anemone shrimp and sea anemones
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crabs and sea anemones
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sea star shrimp and sea stars
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urchin shrimp and sea urchins
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shrimpfish sea urchins
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Remora on whale shark (open water)
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Parasitism
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Ewa blenny
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Cookie-cutter shark