The road to war in Europe 1870 - 1914 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The road to war in Europe 1870 - 1914

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Title: The road to war in Europe 1870 - 1914 Author: User name placeholder Last modified by: User name placeholder Created Date: 4/24/2006 5:03:41 PM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The road to war in Europe 1870 - 1914


1
The road to war in Europe 1870 - 1914
  1. The alliance system
  2. International rivalry

2
The alliance system
  • Bismarck is the key here
  • Franco Prussian war 1870 71
  • Treaty of Frankfurt 1871
  • French desire for revenge
  • Bismarck get friends for Germany and keep
    France isolated create the alliance system

3
Bismarcks system
  • Avoid a two front war
  • Keep friendly with Russia
  • Keep friendly with Austria-Hungary
  • But the Balkans get in the way!

4
An impossible task?
  • DreiKaiserBund 1873
  • War in the Balkans 1877 Russia creates  big
    Bulgaria 
  • Bismarck calls Congress of Berlin
  • Russia furious, Bismarck signed Dual Alliance
    with Austria 1879

5
Second DreiKaiserBund
  • 1879
  • Renewed 1884
  • Russia refused to renew it in 1887 Bulgarian
    crisis
  • So what can Bismarck do now?

6
Mediterranean Agreements and Reinsurance Treaty
  • First Mediterranean Agreement 1887 (keep France
    isolated)
  • Reinsurance Treaty with Russia 1887
  • Second Mediterranean Agreement 1887 (really to
    protect Germany if France and Russia ever formed
    an alliance)

7
Creation of Triple Alliance
  • 1879 Dual Alliance
  • 1882 Italy joined

8
Bismarck dismissed 1890
  • Reinsurance treaty not renewed
  • Alliance sytem now divided Europe

9
Creation of Triple Entente
  • 1892 French / Russian military agreements
  • Dual Entente 1894
  • Britain and France  entente cordiale  1904 (no
    military clauses)
  • Naval discussions
  • 1907 Britain / Russia Entente.

10
Europe now divided into two armed camps
  • Alliance system had a series of clauses which
    involved automatic and immediate military action

11
International Rivalry
  • Weltpolitik
  • Anglo German relations and naval arms race
  • Crises in Morocco 1905 1911
  • The July crisis 1914
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