Exploration

1
Exploration Colonization

• 1415-1763

2
Causes of Exploration

• Renaissance spirit of curiosity
• Fall of Constantinople (1453) to Muslims
  encouraged Europeans to find an all water trade
  route to Asia
• Technological developments
• Improvements in map-making
• Caravel
• Navigation instruments (compass, sextant,
  astrolabe)
• Monarchs sponsored/approved
  voyages provided
  
  finances for them

3
Age of Discovery

• Portugal took the lead in exploration
• Prince Henry the Navigator established school of
  navigation
• Prince Henry encouraged Portugal to find all
  water trade route to Asia
• 1488- Bartolomeu Dias- first man
  to
  sail around tip of Africa discover Cape
  of Good Hope
  
  

4
Age of Discovery

• Portugal took the lead in exploration
• 1498- Vasco da Gama- discovers all-water trade
  route to India price of spices dropped 80

5
Age of Discovery

• Portugals success inspired Spain to find
  all-water trade route by sailing west
• Spanish Explorers
• 1492- Christopher Columbus- landed in
  Caribbean
  (Oct. 1492) 2 effects of voyage
• Increased tensions between Portugal
  
  Spain over land claims settled with
  
  Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
• Opened up New World for colonization by
  Europeans started the Columbian
  Exchange

6
Age of Discovery

• Spanish Explorers
• 1519- Ferdinand Magellan- led small fleet to
  circumnavigate world Magellan killed in
  Philippines fleet returned in 1522 voyage
  proved 3 things
• World was round
• All-water trade route sailing west
  
  exists
• Proved territory discovered by
  
  Columbus was a
  
  new continent

7
Age of Discovery

• Spain sent conquistadors to explore claim lands
  in New World
• Spanish conquistadors
• Hernando Cortés- conquered Aztec Empire (1521)
  established Spanish Empire
  
  in Mexico

8
Age of Discovery

• Spanish conquistadors
• Francisco Pizzaro- conquered
  Inca Empire
  (1533)
• 3 reasons Spanish conquests
  were successful
• Superior technology
  
• Introduction of disease
  (measles,
  mumps, smallpox)
• Support of dissatisfied natives

9
Age of Discovery

• Results of Spains conquests in the Americas
• Influx of gold silver contributed to Spains
  growth as a major power in 1500s
• New foods (potatoes, tomatoes, corn, etc)
  introduced in Europe (Columbian Exchange)
• Diseases introduced to natives Europeans
  (syphilis)
• Development of Atlantic Slave Trade 10 million
  slaves transported 1451-1870

10
Age of Discovery

• Exploration led to economic changes
• Competition for trade colonies led European
  countries to adopt mercantilism to strengthen
  their economies
• Principles of mercantilism
• Nations wealth measured by amount
  of gold
  silver
• Favorable balance of trade
• Colonies exists for benefit of mother country
• Strict laws must regulate trade with the colonies
• Government promote protect local industries by
  taxing imported goods (tariffs) increases
  self-sufficiency

11
Age of Discovery

• Mercantilism led to conflicts in Europe New
  World
• French Indian War (1756-1763)
• England, Netherlands, French, Spanish all had
  colonies in New World
• English victory contributed to conflicts over
  
  land between
  
  colonists
  Indians led to
  American
  Revolution (1775)

12
Age of Discovery

• Establishment of colonies in Americas trade
  with Asia Africa led to major economic changes
  in Europe
• Prices of goods increased (inflation)
• Development of middle class (merchants
  bankers) resented
  exclusion
  from politics began pushing for political
  rights
• Development of capitalism joint-stock companies
  formed to reduced financial risk