Age of Exploration

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Age of Exploration
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The Vikings

• First to discover North America
• Clues first appeared in written stories called
  sagas.
• The sagas suggested that Bjarni Herjolfsson and
  Leif the Lucky had sailed to the new lands west
  and south of Greenland

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The Vikings Saga Bjarni Herjolfsson

• In the year 1000, Bjarni Herjulfson, went to
  visit his father in Iceland to spend the winter
  with him.
• Bjarni had found that his Father had moved to
  Greenland. In an effort to find if father he
  ended up finding three islands.
• Back to Greenland.

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The Vikings Saga Leif Erickson

• Leif Erickson, who lived in Greenland, was
  excited about finding the New Land.
• With crew of 30 men and sailed to the three
  places Bjarni had found.
• They went first to Helluland and then to Markland
  and then on to a place he named Vinland the Good.
  It was named Vinland because of the grapes.
  (Believed to be Newfoundland)

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The Vikings Saga Thorvald Erickson

• Leif's brother. Also went to "Vinland the Good"
  to explore spent the winter and summer there.
• Encountered nine "Skraelings" American Indians.
  The Vikings killed 8 of them but one escaped.
• The was a conflict between the two groups and the
  only person hit was Thorvald. He became the first
  Viking to be buried in North America.

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LAnse aux Meadows

• Helge and Anne Ingstad from Norway. Hypothesized
  that the Vikings had discovered North America 500
  years before Columbus arrived.
• 1960s they found Lanse aux Meadows and the
  remains houses like houses in Norway and
  Greenland. They also found Viking jewelry, tools
  and iron nails.

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Brain pop Christopher Columbushttp//www.brainp
op.com/
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Christopher Columbus

• Influenced Marco Polo and his travels.
• Columbus believed that if you traveled east by
  land, you arrived in the Indian islands off the
  coast of Asia. If you traveled west, you could
  reach India by water- faster and cheaper.
• Columbus moved to Lisbon, Portugal. King
  Ferdinand and Queen Isabella funded his trip.
  Columbus made his famous voyage in 1492. 3 ships
  were the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.
• He reached the land at the island of San Salvador
  (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). He was
  convinced he arrived in India his was not the
  only one to make this mistake. He made 3 more
  voyages across the Atlantic Ocean in the next 10
  years.

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Routes of Christopher Columbus
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John Cabot

• Homeland Venice, Italy
• Project A voyage to discover an all-water route
  to the riches (spices)of Asia.
• Sponsor King Henry VII of England
• Discoveries Probably NFLD and/or Cape Breton
  Island.

• Outcomes
• Little is known about Cabots life up to 1497.
• In 1498, he set out on a 2nd trip and was never
  was never seen again.
• Cabots crossing of the Atlantic had lasting
  results.
• He made Englands first claim to territory in
  North America.
• He found an unlimited supply of Cod fish. In
  Catholic societies, eating of meat 153 days a
  year was prohibited. English fishermen became
  regular visitors.

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Routes of John Cabot
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Jacques Cartier

• Homeland France
• Projects To search for an all-water passage to
  Asia and then to follow the St. Lawrence River in
  hope of finding riches closer to home.
• Sponsor King Francis I of France
• Discoveries Various parts of NFLD and parts of
  what are now NS (Cape Breton), PEI, NB and QUE.
  Much of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St.
  Lawrence River.

• Outcomes
• Had three voyages 1534, 1535, and 1541
• Made contact with Aboriginal People
• He did not discover the riches of the East or a
  route to them. French leaders lost interest, as
  they were after diamonds and gold and not beaver
  pelts.
• About 50years later, Europeans became interested
  in North American furs. Fur traders, fishermen
  and map makers were all crossing the Atlantic.

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Routes of Jacques Cartier
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Samuel de Champlain

• Homeland France
• Projects To help French explorers on
  fur-trading voyages by acting as a map maker
• Sponsor King Henry IV of France appointed
  Champlain Royal geographer
• Discovery The St. Lawrence River as far as the
  Lachine Rapids in 1603 the coastline of North
  America, from present-day NS to present-day
  Massachusetts in 1604-05
• Outcomes
• In 1604, he went with Sieur de Monts to the Bay
  of Fundy.
• De Monts had been granted a monopoly on the fur
  trade. In return, he was to start a colony.

• They spent the winter on the island of St. Croix,
  where many men died of scurvy.
• In 1605, they moved to Port Royal where he
  explored the Atlantic coast and made careful maps
  of NS, NB, Maine and Massachusetts.
• The maps were so accurate that sailors could use
  them today. Many places along the coast still
  have the names Champlain gave them more than 350
  years ago.
• In 1608, he moved to a location what is now
  Quebec on the St. Lawrence river. He developed
  the rest of his life to the development of a
  fur-trading colony.

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Routes of Samuel de Champlain
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Henry Hudson

• 1609-11
• Discoveries Hudson River and Hudson Bay

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Etienne Brule Pierre Radisson and Medard
Groseilliers

• 1609-32
• Discoveries South of Lake Ontario

• 1650s
• Discoveries Sault Ste. Marie Region north
  shore of Lake Superior

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Louis Joliet and Father Daniel DulhutJacques
Marquette

• 1669-73
• Discoveries Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron Lake
  Michigan and upper Mississippi River

• 1680s
• Discoveries Region south and west of Lake
  Superior

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La Salle and Father Henry KelseyLouis Hennepin

• 1669-82
• Discoveries Lakes Ontario and Erie Niagara,
  Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the Gulf of Mexico

• 1690-92
• Discoveries Buffalo country of Northern
  Saskatchewan and possibly Alberta

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Pierre La Verendyre Anthony Henday

• 1731-43
• Discoveries West of Lake Superior as far as the
  Saskatchewan River and south to South Dakota

• 1754-55
• Discoveries First European to travel west to
  within sight of the Rockies

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Samuel Hearne Alexander Mackenzie

• 1770-72
• Discoveries Overland to the mouth of the
  Coppermine River on the Arctic Ocean

• 1789, 1793
• Discoveries Down the MacKenzie River to the
  Arctice Ocean overland to the Pacific

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George Vancouver Sir John FrankliN

• 1791-95
• Discoveries Vancouver Island and much of the
  coast of BC

• Early 1800s
• Discoveries Canadas vast northland of
  coastline, waterways and islands