Age of Exploration

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Age of Exploration
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Reasons for Exploration

• Demand for spices
• Halting of the expansion of Islam
• Ending Europes isolation

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Why did the Age of Exploration happen?

• Better navigational devices, like the compass
  the astrolabe, a device to plot location using
  the stars
• Better ships w/multiple masts made travel faster
  (caravels)

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Treaty of Tordesillas

• the line of demarcation (or division) in 1494 was
  an imaginary line drawn by the pope to separate
  Portuguese Spanish claims in the New World
  (North South Americas) w/the Treaty of
  Tordesillas
• Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian mapmaker who
  claimed Columbus had discovered a New World
  America was named in his honor

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Labor Systems In the Americas

• Interested in Gold and Silver, if they found
  none, set up plantations
• Mita Incan system where adult males had to spend
  1/7 of their time working for the Inca, a few
  months at a time
• Spanish adopted this system for mines, but so
  many natives died, they kept having to increase
  amount of time worked
• Encomienda Agriculture system granted by Spanish
  crown, natives were placed under encomenderos
  (Spanish bosses) who extracted labor and tribute
• high death rates led to collapse of this system

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Slavery in the New World

• during the 1600s 1700s, the triangular trade
  was established between Europe, Africa, the
  Americas
• this was the beginning of the transatlantic slave
  trade when African chiefs would sell members of
  other tribes to ship captains for guns alcohol
• between 10 24 million Africans were brought to
  America 1 in 5 did not survive the Middle
  Passage (journey to America)

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Colombian Exchange

• Europeans carried unknown diseases to the native
  Americans which killed millions (Small Pox)
• many products were carried to and from the New
  World like
• to the New World horses, cows, wheat, rice,
  oranges
• from the New World corn, sweet potatoes,
  tobacco, cacao (chocolate)

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Changing Ways of Life

• Commercial Revolution
• new business methods for investing money,
  speeding the flow of wealth, reducing risks
  result of Age of Exploration
• rise of free enterprise (modern capitalism),
  economic system in which money is invested in
  business to make profits

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More Commercial Revolution

• people who wanted to invest in exploration
  combined resources in joint-stock companies, or
  organizations that sold stock shared in profits
  losses
• rise of entrepreneurs, or individuals who
  combined money, ideas, raw materials, labor to
  make goods services

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Mercantilism

• a nations wealth depended on the amount of gold
  silver, that it owned
• nations sought to create a favorable balance of
  trade by exporting more than it imported
• so European countries (known as mother countries)
  would establish colonies around the world would
  restrict trading in the colonies with any other
  mother country
• the colony would provide raw materials to the
  mother country, which would produce manufactured
  goods which the mother country would sell to the
  colony

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Boats and Ships Review

• Trireme Greek ship, levels of rowers
• Dhow Used in the Indian Ocean trade
• Lateen Sail Triangular sail, can sail into the
  Monsoons
• Junk Huge Chinese ship with many masts
• Caravel Smaller European ship with three masts,
  used in Age of Exploration

Greek Trireme
Dhows
Junk
Caravel and Junk Comparison
Caravel
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Dailies Exploration

1. What were three reasons for Exploration?
2. Describe the line of Demarcation?
3. Why is the triangular trade called triangular?
4. Where did most African slaves go?
5. What is the rhyme about Columbus?

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Dailies Mercantilism

• Describe Capitalism.
• Who wrote a book about it? What is the book
  called?
• What is the goal of mercantilism?
• Why do the mother countries need colonies?
• Describe a Laissez Faire policy.