Exploration and Settlement - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Exploration and Settlement

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Title: Exploration and Settlement


1
Exploration and Settlement
2
Preview Activity
  • Groups of students
  • Students walked around claiming furniture with
    sticky notes
  • One group started before the rest
  • Other groups rushed to catch up
  • First group had 30 sticky notes
  • European countries
  • Explorers claiming land
  • with flags.
  • Spain was first with Columbus
  • Other countries tried to catch up
  • Spain claimed the most land in the new world

3
Goals
  • Identify the motives behind European explorations
    to the Americas
  • Describe the differences between Spanish, French,
    English, and Dutch settlements in America
  • Explain how European expansion and settlement
    affected Native Americans and West Africans

4
Word Wall Words
  • Priests
  • Trapper
  • Mission
  • Presidio
  • Pueblo
  • Colony
  • Conquistador
  • Slavery
  • Plantation
  • Columbian Exchange
  • New World
  • Explorers

5
People to Know
  • Cartier
  • Cabot
  • Hudson
  • Coronado
  • Cortes
  • Pizarro
  • Columbus
  • Minuit
  • Stuyvesant
  • Pocahontas
  • John Smith
  • Rolfe
  • Joliet
  • Marquette
  • DeLeon
  • La Salle
  • Raleigh

6
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7
Renaissance
  • Increased wealth to pursue arts and education
  • Mid 1300s to 1600s experienced a rebirth
  • Science and technology

8
Renaissance
9
Direct trade with Asia
  • Trade with Africa
  • Trade with Asia desirable but expensive
  • Italian monopoly
  • Marco Polo
  • Spread of Christianity
  • Technology of the Middle Ages

10
Columbus
  • From Genoa
  • Read Marco Polo
  • Sail west to get to China
  • Unknown ocean to the west (est. 10,000mi)
  • Error in calculation

11
Columbus in Spain
  • Ferdinand and Isabella
  • Six year war
  • Funded him to compete with Portugal
  • Pearls, precious stones, gold and silver
  • August 3, 1492 set sail with the Nina, Pinta, and
    Santa Maria (larger of three)
  • Month passed with no sign of land
  • October 12, 1492 land was sighted

12
The first explorations
  • Bahamas and Hispaniola
  • Indians but no gold
  • 2 months, La Navidad with 20 men
  • Treasures
  • Reaction of Europeans
  • Visitors
  • Need to convert and explore

13
Columbuss later explorations
  • 3 more
  • Navidad destroyed
  • First to see South America
  • Could not grow European crops
  • 1502 last voyage with his son
  • Shipwrecked and ruined
  • Died unnoticed and unsung

14
How did Spain establish territorial claims in the
Caribbean and South America?
  • Cortes- Mexico
  • Pizarro-Peru
  • Columbus-Caribbean Islands

15
What was life like in the Spanish Settlements in
the Caribbean and South America?
  • Looking for gold
  • Sugar Plantations
  • Need for labor from Native Americans
  • Disease killed large numbers of Natives
  • Need for laborers from African slave traders

16
What type of relationship existed between Spanish
and Native Americans living in the Caribbean and
S.Am?
  • Harsh treatment from Cortes on the Aztecs
  • Pizarro killed the leader of the Incas even
    though he gave him the gold he wanted
  • Diseases
  • Slave labor
  • Change

17
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18
The Conquistadors
  • Conquistador is Spanish for conqueror
  • Cortes conquers Aztecs
  • Impact of disease
  • Pizarro conquers the Incas

19
De Leon, Coronado, Cortes, Pizarro
20
How did Spain establish territorial claims in
North America?
  • Ponce de Leon discovers Florida in 1513
  • Hernando De Soto explores the southeast in 1539
  • Coronado is the first European to see the Grand
    Canyon in 1540.
  • While in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola but
    found seven little pueblos

21
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22
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23
Cabrillo and California
24
What types of permanent settlements did the
Spanish establish in North America?
  • Pueblo- towns usually built upon site of Indian
    villages
  • Missions established by priests to convert
    Indians (S.F., El Paso)
  • Presidios military bases on the frontier (St.
    Augustine)

25
Presidio
26
Pueblo
27
Spanish Mission
28
What type of relationship existed between the
Spanish and the Native Americans living in N.Am?
  • Pueblo people learned about new tools, grow food,
    raise sheep
  • Many converted to Catholicism
  • Spanish learned new farming techniques
  • Harsh treatment of Native Americans for slave
    labor
  • Beating of those who did not convert
  • Disease, death
  • Rebellion

29
How did France establish territorial claims in
North America?
  • Cartier claimed Canada
  • Champlain claimed the trading post of Quebec
  • Marquette and Joliet explored the Mississippi
    River
  • Robert La Salle claimed Louisiana

30
Race for Empires
  • Cartier explores the St. Lawrence river in 1534
  • Religious civil wars between French Catholics and
    Huguenots
  • Quebec founded by Champlain in 1608
  • First permanent settlement in the new world
  • Champlain is the father of New France

31
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32
What was life like in French settlements in N.Am?
  • Fur trappers, or coureur de bois, and
    missionaries came to New France.
  • Colony failed to grow
  • Harsh climate
  • Best land went to nobility
  • Trading of furs

33
What was the relationship between the French and
Native Americans living in North America?
  • Business partners
  • Friendly
  • Huron close allies
  • Enemies with Iroquois
  • Diseases killed many

34
New France
  • French economy relies heavily on the fur trade in
    the new world
  • Indians trapped and traded with the French
  • Blankets, guns, trinkets, pots, and pans
  • Grew slowly
  • Pierre Marquette and Joliet explore south of
    Great lakes in 1673 along the Mississippi River

35
How did English establish territorial claims in
N.America?
  • John Cabot in New Foundland
  • Raleigh
  • Roanoke
  • Jamestown

36
English settlements
  • New Foundland 1582
  • Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to colonize off the
    coast of North Carolina in 1585.
  • Establishes the colony of Roanoke
  • Second attempt in 1585 with 150 men and women

37
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38
Lost Colony of Roanoke
  • Spanish Armada delays supply until 1590
  • No settlers found but buildings are standing
  • CROATOAN
  • Unsolved mystery

39
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40
What was life like in Jamestown?
  • Difficult
  • Swamp area with disease carrying mosquitoes
  • Laziness from settlers
  • John Smith took over during the starving time
  • Native Americans refuse to trade during this time

41
Pocahontas and John Smith
42
Settlement at Jamestown
  • London Company forms a Joint Stock company after
    the failure of Roanoke
  • April 26th, 1607, 3 ships and 105 male colonist
    sail for America
  • Adventurers with little skill, disease, salt
    water, lack of supplies, harsh winter
  • John Smith takes control
  • Smith captured and saved by Pocahontas

43
Powhatan Confederacy
  • Algonquian Indians
  • Brought food, taught how to plant crops
  • Colonist forcefully took supplies from time to
    time
  • 1609, 400 more settlers came, John Smith back to
    England
  • Starving time winter of 1609 to summer of 1610
    only 60 of 500 colonist survive

44
War in Virginia
  • John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, a Powhatan chiefs
    daughter
  • Colonist surviving on their own without Powhatan,
    want more land for tobacco
  • 1622, colonist attack and kill Powhatan leader
  • Rolfe is killed in retaliation with 350 other
    men, women and children
  • War continues for 20 years

45

46
How did the Netherlands establish territorial
claims in North America?
  • Henry Hudson in present day New York state and
    into Canada
  • Peter Minuit buys Manhattan island

47
What was life like in New Netherland?
  • Fur trade
  • 8,000 people from many nations including
    Africans, Europeans, and Jews seeking religious
    freedom
  • Peter Stuyvesant was the governor
  • English drive the Dutch out and rename it New
    York
  • Capital New Amsterdam

48
What type of relationship existed between the
Dutch and Native Americans living in New
Netherlands?
  • Friendly with the Iroquois
  • Supplied the Iroquois with guns and weapons to
    fight the Huron
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