Title: Exploration and Settlement
1Exploration and Settlement
2Preview Activity
- Groups of students
- Students walked around claiming furniture with
sticky notes - One group started before the rest
- Other groups rushed to catch up
- First group had 30 sticky notes
- European countries
- Explorers claiming land
- with flags.
- Spain was first with Columbus
- Other countries tried to catch up
- Spain claimed the most land in the new world
3Goals
- Identify the motives behind European explorations
to the Americas - Describe the differences between Spanish, French,
English, and Dutch settlements in America - Explain how European expansion and settlement
affected Native Americans and West Africans
4Word Wall Words
- Priests
- Trapper
- Mission
- Presidio
- Pueblo
- Colony
- Conquistador
- Slavery
- Plantation
- Columbian Exchange
- New World
- Explorers
5People to Know
- Cartier
- Cabot
- Hudson
- Coronado
- Cortes
- Pizarro
- Columbus
- Minuit
- Stuyvesant
- Pocahontas
- John Smith
- Rolfe
- Joliet
- Marquette
- DeLeon
- La Salle
- Raleigh
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7Renaissance
- Increased wealth to pursue arts and education
- Mid 1300s to 1600s experienced a rebirth
- Science and technology
8Renaissance
9Direct trade with Asia
- Trade with Africa
- Trade with Asia desirable but expensive
- Italian monopoly
- Marco Polo
- Spread of Christianity
- Technology of the Middle Ages
10Columbus
- From Genoa
- Read Marco Polo
- Sail west to get to China
- Unknown ocean to the west (est. 10,000mi)
- Error in calculation
11Columbus in Spain
- Ferdinand and Isabella
- Six year war
- Funded him to compete with Portugal
- Pearls, precious stones, gold and silver
- August 3, 1492 set sail with the Nina, Pinta, and
Santa Maria (larger of three) - Month passed with no sign of land
- October 12, 1492 land was sighted
12The first explorations
- Bahamas and Hispaniola
- Indians but no gold
- 2 months, La Navidad with 20 men
- Treasures
- Reaction of Europeans
- Visitors
- Need to convert and explore
13Columbuss later explorations
- 3 more
- Navidad destroyed
- First to see South America
- Could not grow European crops
- 1502 last voyage with his son
- Shipwrecked and ruined
- Died unnoticed and unsung
14How did Spain establish territorial claims in the
Caribbean and South America?
- Cortes- Mexico
- Pizarro-Peru
- Columbus-Caribbean Islands
15What was life like in the Spanish Settlements in
the Caribbean and South America?
- Looking for gold
- Sugar Plantations
- Need for labor from Native Americans
- Disease killed large numbers of Natives
- Need for laborers from African slave traders
16What type of relationship existed between Spanish
and Native Americans living in the Caribbean and
S.Am?
- Harsh treatment from Cortes on the Aztecs
- Pizarro killed the leader of the Incas even
though he gave him the gold he wanted - Diseases
- Slave labor
- Change
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18The Conquistadors
- Conquistador is Spanish for conqueror
- Cortes conquers Aztecs
- Impact of disease
- Pizarro conquers the Incas
19De Leon, Coronado, Cortes, Pizarro
20How did Spain establish territorial claims in
North America?
- Ponce de Leon discovers Florida in 1513
- Hernando De Soto explores the southeast in 1539
- Coronado is the first European to see the Grand
Canyon in 1540. - While in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola but
found seven little pueblos
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23Cabrillo and California
24What types of permanent settlements did the
Spanish establish in North America?
- Pueblo- towns usually built upon site of Indian
villages - Missions established by priests to convert
Indians (S.F., El Paso) - Presidios military bases on the frontier (St.
Augustine)
25 Presidio
26Pueblo
27Spanish Mission
28What type of relationship existed between the
Spanish and the Native Americans living in N.Am?
- Pueblo people learned about new tools, grow food,
raise sheep - Many converted to Catholicism
- Spanish learned new farming techniques
- Harsh treatment of Native Americans for slave
labor - Beating of those who did not convert
- Disease, death
- Rebellion
29How did France establish territorial claims in
North America?
- Cartier claimed Canada
- Champlain claimed the trading post of Quebec
- Marquette and Joliet explored the Mississippi
River - Robert La Salle claimed Louisiana
30Race for Empires
- Cartier explores the St. Lawrence river in 1534
- Religious civil wars between French Catholics and
Huguenots - Quebec founded by Champlain in 1608
- First permanent settlement in the new world
- Champlain is the father of New France
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32What was life like in French settlements in N.Am?
- Fur trappers, or coureur de bois, and
missionaries came to New France. - Colony failed to grow
- Harsh climate
- Best land went to nobility
- Trading of furs
33What was the relationship between the French and
Native Americans living in North America?
- Business partners
- Friendly
- Huron close allies
- Enemies with Iroquois
- Diseases killed many
34New France
- French economy relies heavily on the fur trade in
the new world - Indians trapped and traded with the French
- Blankets, guns, trinkets, pots, and pans
- Grew slowly
- Pierre Marquette and Joliet explore south of
Great lakes in 1673 along the Mississippi River
35How did English establish territorial claims in
N.America?
- John Cabot in New Foundland
- Raleigh
- Roanoke
- Jamestown
36English settlements
- New Foundland 1582
- Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to colonize off the
coast of North Carolina in 1585. - Establishes the colony of Roanoke
- Second attempt in 1585 with 150 men and women
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38Lost Colony of Roanoke
- Spanish Armada delays supply until 1590
- No settlers found but buildings are standing
- CROATOAN
- Unsolved mystery
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40What was life like in Jamestown?
- Difficult
- Swamp area with disease carrying mosquitoes
- Laziness from settlers
- John Smith took over during the starving time
- Native Americans refuse to trade during this time
41Pocahontas and John Smith
42Settlement at Jamestown
- London Company forms a Joint Stock company after
the failure of Roanoke - April 26th, 1607, 3 ships and 105 male colonist
sail for America - Adventurers with little skill, disease, salt
water, lack of supplies, harsh winter - John Smith takes control
- Smith captured and saved by Pocahontas
43Powhatan Confederacy
- Algonquian Indians
- Brought food, taught how to plant crops
- Colonist forcefully took supplies from time to
time - 1609, 400 more settlers came, John Smith back to
England - Starving time winter of 1609 to summer of 1610
only 60 of 500 colonist survive
44War in Virginia
- John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, a Powhatan chiefs
daughter - Colonist surviving on their own without Powhatan,
want more land for tobacco - 1622, colonist attack and kill Powhatan leader
- Rolfe is killed in retaliation with 350 other
men, women and children - War continues for 20 years
45 46How did the Netherlands establish territorial
claims in North America?
- Henry Hudson in present day New York state and
into Canada - Peter Minuit buys Manhattan island
47What was life like in New Netherland?
- Fur trade
- 8,000 people from many nations including
Africans, Europeans, and Jews seeking religious
freedom - Peter Stuyvesant was the governor
- English drive the Dutch out and rename it New
York - Capital New Amsterdam
48What type of relationship existed between the
Dutch and Native Americans living in New
Netherlands?
- Friendly with the Iroquois
- Supplied the Iroquois with guns and weapons to
fight the Huron