Chapter 11 Section 11-2

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Chapter 11 Section 11-2

• Types of Chemical Reactions

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Five Types of Chemical Reactions

• Combination or Synthesis
• Decomposition
• Single-Replacement
• Double-Replacement
• Combustion

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Synthesis/ Combination (Composition)

• A B ? AB
• Two or more substances combine to form a single
  new compound.

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Reactions of elements with oxygen sulfur.

• 4 Na(s) O2 (g) ? 2 Na2O (metal)
• 2 Fe (s) O2 (g) ? 2 FeO (s)
• 4 Fe (s) 3 O2 (g) ? 2 Fe2O3 (s)
• S8 (s) 8 O2 (g) ? 8 SO2 (g) (nonmetal)

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Reactions of metals with halogens

• 2 Na (s) Cl2 (g) ? 2 NaCl (s)
• 2 Co (s) 3 F2 (g) ? 2 CoF3 (s)

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Synthesis Reactions with Oxides

• CaO (s) H2O (l) ? Ca(OH)2 (s)
• SO2 (g) H2O (l) ? H2SO3 (aq)

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DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS

• AB ? A B
• Single compounds decompose to form 2 or more
  simpler substances.

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Binary compound decomposes into its elements

• 2 H2O (l) ? 2 H2 (g) O2 (g)

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Metal Carbonate decomposes with heat into a
metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas

• CaCO3 (s) ? CaO (s) CO2 (g)

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Metal hydroxide decomposes with heat into a metal
oxide and water

• Ca(OH)2 ? CaO (s) H2O (g)

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Metal chlorate decomposes with heat into a metal
chloride and oxygen gas

• 2 KClO3 ? 2 KCl 3 O2 (g)

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Decomposition of Acids into a non-metal oxide
and water

• H2CO3 ? CO2 H2O

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SINGLE-REPLACEMENT REACTIONS

• A BX ? AX B
• One element replaces a similar element in a
  compound.

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Replacement of a Metal in a compound by another
metal.

• 2 Al (s) 3 Pb(NO3)2 (aq) ?
• 3 Pb (s) 2 Al(NO3)3 (aq)

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Replacement of hydrogen in water by a metal.

• 2 Na (s) 2 H2O (l) ?
• 2 NaOH (aq) H2 (g)

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Replacement of hydrogen in an acid by a metal.

• Mg (s) 2 HCl (aq) ?
• H2 (g) MgCl2 (aq)

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Replacement of Halogens

• Each halogen can replace anyone below it, but not
  above it.
• Fluorine is the most active.
• Cl2 (g) 2KBr (aq) ? 2 KCl (aq) Br2 (l)
• Br2 (l) 2KCl (aq) ? no Reaction!!

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DOUBLE-REPLACEMENT REACTIONS

• AX BY ? AY BX

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Formation of a Precipitate

• 2 KI (aq) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) ?
• PbI2 (s) 2 KNO3 (aq)

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Formation of a Gas

• FeS (s) 2 HCl (aq) ?
• H2S (g) FeCl2 (aq)

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Formation of Water

• HCl (aq) NaOH (aq) ?
• NaCl (aq) H2O (l)

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COMBUSTION REACTIONS

• Substance combines with oxygen releasing a large
  amount of energy.
• C3H8 (g) 5 O2 (g) ?
• 3 CO2 (g) 4 H2O (g)