German Unification

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German Unification

• 1871

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Italian and German Unification
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Italy First

• King Victor Emmanuel II began ruling in 1849 and
  Count Camillo di Cavour as Prime Minister

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Emmanuel and Cavour

• Want to build up the infrastructure
• Piedmont economy grew and hence..a large army
  was born but not enough to beat Austria..sooooo

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Cavour colludes with France

• Napoleon III agreed to help Piedmont get the
  Austrians out
• Sothe Piedmontese picked a fight with Austria in
  1859

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War with Austria

• France made peace separately with Austria (Cavour
  was mad!)
• But.in the meantime Parma, Modena, Tuscany,
  Papal States joined Piedmont

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In the meantime

• Garibaldi invaded Sicily to help revolt against
  the French king.he wins..
• And keeps on going up the peninsula

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Garibaldi moves on to Rome.

• Cavour feared this would bring war with the
  French (controlled some of Rome)
• Cavour did not want a democratic-republic like
  Garibaldi

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So Garibaldi.

• Stopped his march
• Went back to his farm
• New Kingdom of Italy born in 1861 under King
  Victor Emmanuel II

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Bravo Italia!
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Germany Unification
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The Zollverein..

• Stimulated trade
• All states in it EXCEPT Austria

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Another Count

• No not that one

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Count Otto von Bismarck

• Prime minister of Prussia
• A Junker aristocrat
• The ultimate opportunist
• The ultimate Realpolitik

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What is Realpolitik?

• Politics are.
• Practical
• Not idealistic
• Connected to violence, oppression, lack of moral
  ethics

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The German Provinces

• 39 individual states
• Who was the largest?

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Hostilities among provinces

• Economy
• Religion (if they werent Lutheran)
• Law

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Bismarck unites Germany

• Prussia fighting with Austria for dominance
• So Bismarck allies with them against Denmark
• WHY would he do that???

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Bismarck unites Germany

• go to war with Denmark
• Each obtain key provinces
• But THEN..they fight over a different border and
  go to war

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Bismarck unites Germany

• Prussia crushes Austria
• Takes provinces it won against Denmark
• Austria is now OUT of Prussian affairs

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Bismarck unites Germany

• Needs the southern German provinces to agree to
  unification
• Hmmmhow???

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Bismarck unites Germany

• Provokes a war with France
• Southerners join in to help
• Germany defeats France 1870-1871
• Alsace-Lorraine

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The German Empire
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Issues of Unification

• Catholic Church
• Socialism
• Use of Kulturkampf

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Go Germany!