World War II

1
Chapter 24

• World War II

2
Aggression and Dictators

• Communistic Dictatorships
• Josef Stalin Soviet Union
• Totalitarian State a nation in which a single
  party controls government and every aspect of
  peoples lives
• Benito Mussolini appointed prime minister after
  threatening to overthrow the govt
• Turned Italy into a fascist state
• Fascism a political system based on militarism,
  extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the
  state and its leader (end to FoP and all other
  parties)

3
Germany

• WWI frustrations
• Reparations
• 1921 Adolf Hitler becomes leader of National
  Socialist Party (Nazi)
• Form of facism
• Racism at the core (Anti-Semitism)
• Hitler blames Jews for loss during WWI
• Great Depression Hitler as Chancellor
• Outlawed parties, secret police
• Jews banned from schools, med. and law professions

4
Japan

• Militaristic state
• Preached racial domination
• Thought they needed more land to expand their
  nation

5
Military Aggression

• Aggression a warlike act by one country against
  another without cause
• Japan attacks China (1931)
• Army acts w/o permission
• League of Nations protests but does nothing
• Killed 250K
• Italy Invades Ethiopia (1935)
• League of Nations does nothing

6
German Aggression

• Rebuilding of military against Treaty of
  Versailles
• Sent troops into the Rhineland
• Then took over Austria
• Hitler threatens to invade Czechoslovakia
• Fran. and Brit. Protest
• Meeting in Munich
• Appeasement a policy of giving in to aggression
  in order to avoid war

7
German Aggression Cont.

• Munich Pact Hitler allowed to take over
  Sudetenland for not seeking any other land
• Couple months later, Hitler took over the rest of
  Czechoslovakia

8
American Neutrality

• Neutrality Act 1935
• Forbids the president from selling arms, making
  loans, or giving any form of assistance to any
  nation involved in a war
• Good Neighbor Policy
• FDR believed this would strengthen ties in Latin
  America
• Frees Cuba
• Pulls American direct influence out of Latin
  America

9
War in Europe

• Sept. 1, 1939 Hitler invades Poland
• Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Poland split between the two
• Surprises the World WHY?
• Stalin invades Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, and
  Latvia
• France and Britain declare war on Germany
• April 1940 Denmark and Norway fall to Germany

10
War cont.

• Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium fall in May
• 6 weeks later, France surrenders
• Battle of Britain
• Bombing raids by Germany
• Germany tries to invade Britain
• June 22, 1941 Hitler invades Soviet Union

11
The United States goes to WAR!!!
12
Congressional Sympathies

• Lend-Lease Act
• Favored by most Americans WHY?
• Better than Supplies for Cash
• Help anyone fighting Nazis
• Military Buildup
• Cong. Approves more Mil. Spending
• Peacetime draft
• Af. Am. Mil. Units

13
Atlantic Charter

• Roosevelt and Churchill
• Neither nation would seek territorial gain
• All people will have right to choose own
  government
• New international organization

14
Events leading to War

• Japan invades Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam
• Roosevelt bans metal trade and oil trade with
  Japan
• So..

15
Pearl Harbor
16
Day of Infamy
http//www.archive.org/details/FranklinDelanoRoose
veltDayOfInfamySpeech
17
The War (Eur. Theatre)

• 9 countries (Axis Powers) vs. 50 countries
  (Allied Powers)
• Total War conflict utilizing more than just
  armed forces
• Eastern Front
• Soviet Winter
• Stalingrad is held
• Ends with Soviet victory in Stalingrad

18
The War (Eur. Theatre)

• Southern Front
• Rommel swept across Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt
• Eventually stopped and caused to retreat by the
  British
• Gen. Eisenhower occupies Morocco and Algeria

19
The War (Pac. Theatre)

• Japan takes over Philippines and forces MacArthur
  to retreat
• MacArthur is given command of entire Pacific
  forces
• Bataan Death March
• 70K American and Pilipino
• 65 mile march

20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
The War (Pac. Theatre)

• The Turning Points of the War
• Battle of Coral Sea
• US keeps Japan from New Guinea
• New style of naval warfare
• Battle of Midway
• Americans destroy 4 carriers, 322 aircraft

27
The Domestic War

• Building the Military
• Draft
• 15 million volunteers and draftees
• Women
• Nurses, pilots, secretaries

28
Domestic Actions

• Economy
• War Production Board
• Output is doubled
• Required Support
• Food, clothing, and equipment donated
• Victory gardens
• War bonds
• Rationing limits on scarce goods
• Use of coupons
• Coffee, sugar, meat, shoes, gasoline, tires

29
Women in Industry

• What types of Jobs would be open?
• Furnace tenders, welders, crane operators
• Women gain confidence
• How does this affect their future?
• Rosie the Riveter What makes her so important?

30
Japanese Americans

• Intern-temporarily imprison
• Exec. Order 9066 Any proof?
• 110K Japanese placed in camps
• take what you can
• Some were given upon release
• Formal apology in 1990
• 442nd Nisei Regimental Combat Team
• Most decorated unit in United States history

31
Others in Crisis

• German and Italian Americans were also placed
  into internment camps
• Curfews
• Travel restrictions

32
African Americans

• Injustice in Industry and Military
• A Philip Randolph head of Brotherhood of
  Sleeping Car Porters
• Threatened mass protest unless Roosevelt did
  something
• Fair Employment Practices Committee

33
Mexican Americans

• Braceros - Mexican laborers
• Mexican/American agreement

34
Conclusion of the War

• Italy Surrenders
• D-Day (June 6, 1944)
• Invasion of Normandy
• 155K troops
• August 1944 Paris is liberated

35
Battle of the Bulge

• German counterattack in Belgium
• Germany is short of supplies and troops
• Reasons?

36
Invasion of Germany

• January 1945 Soviets enter Germany
• April 12, 1945 FDR dies from a stroke
• Harry S Truman becomes President
• April 16 Soviets begin attacking Berlin
• April 30 Hitler commits suicide

37
Holocaust

• Hitler the final solution to the Jewish
  problem
• Genocide the deliberate attempt to wipe out an
  entire nation or group of people
• Other groups Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, Communists,
  and people with physical and mental disabilities
• Death Camps Gas Chambers, torture, medical
  experiments

38
Pacific Theatre

• Battle of Midway
• Last Japanese offensive
• Island hopping Am. Forces capture one
  Japanese-controlled island at a time
• Navaho are key to success
• Casualties
• 14k in Philippines
• 6k in Iwo Jima
• 12k in Okinawa

39
Issues

• Japanese willingness to die
• Kamikaze - suicide pilots
• A-Bomb tested in N. Mexico
• Truman advised that invasion may cost ½ million
  lives

40
Results

• August 6, 1945
• Hiroshima
• Killed 130k instantly
• August 9, 1945
• Nagasaki
• Killed 35K instantly
• August 14, 1945
• V-J Day
• Formal surrender September 2, 1945 on USS Missouri