Classification of living things

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• Classification of living things

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Organism or Not Organism
Organism Not Organism

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What is an organism?

• An organism is a living thing.
• How do we know something is a living thing?
• With your partner, write down characteristics of
  living things.

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Characteristics of Living Things
2. reproduce
1. obtain and use resources

3. grow and develop
4. respond to stimulus
growth development
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What do you think?

• 1. What is an organism?
• 2. How can you tell if something is an organism?

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Chambered Nautilus
Water drop
paper clips
bacteria
fungus
fire
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living
Chambered Nautilus
Water drop
nonliving
nonliving
paper clips
bacteria
living
fungi
living
fire
nonliving
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All Living things must1. obtain and use
resources for energy

• They must obtain (get) food, oxygen, and water to
  grow, develop and repair themselves.

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Organisms are either

• 1. Autotrophs organisms that make their own
  food. For example plants.
• Or
• 2. Hetertrophs organisms that do not make their
  own food. For example animals.

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2. respond to stimuli

• A stimulus is any change in a living things
  environment. Some stimuli come from the
  enviroment, while some come from inside the
  organism.
• A reaction to the stimulus is response.This is
  any action or behavior performed by the organism.

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Match the stimulus and response

• Stimulus
• Bright light
• Loud sound
• Fear
• Hunger
• Change in temperature

• Response
• Shed winter fur
• Close eyes
• Faster heart beat
• Hunt
• jump

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3. reproduce

• Organisms produce offspring that have similar
  characteristics as the parent. There are two
  ways to reproduce
• Asexually - involves only one parent. The
  offspring are identical to the parent.
• Sexually - involves two parents that produce
  offspring that have characteristics from each
  parent.

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4. grow and develop

• Growth and development is not the same!
• Growth When an organisms becomes larger.
• Development When an organism becomes more
  complex structurally.

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Growth or Development?You decide

• 1. An egg becoming a baby chick.
• A small plant becoming a larger plant.
• A tadpole to frog.
• A baby gaining five ounces in a week
• The baby learned to roll over
• The baby had longer hair in a year

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Growth or Development?You decide

• 1. An egg becoming a baby chick.
• A small plant becoming a larger plant.
• A tadpole to frog.
• A baby gaining five ounces in a week
• The baby learned to roll over
• The baby had longer hair in a year

Development
Growth
Development
Growth
Development
Growth
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Characteristics of Living Things

• Growth Development

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What I Think

• Divide these pictures into groups
• Give each group a name and tell why you put the
  pictures together

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Classification of Living Things

• 3. Classification is the process that scientists
  use to arrange organisms into groups based on the
  shared observable characteristics.

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Classification of Living Things

• 4. Taxonomy is the science of identifying and
  classifying organisms into groups.

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Continued from previous slide
• A taxonomist is a scientist who identifies and
  names organisms based on their similarities and
  differences.
• Taxonomist use physical characteristics as well
  as DNA, genetic information, to classify
  organisms.

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Scientist all over the world study organisms, in
  order to avoid confusion scientists need a
  universal way of naming organisms.

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Characteristics of Living Things
Mountain lion Cougar Puma Catamount Mountain
Screamer and over 40 others
Felis concolor
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Characteristics of Living Things

• 6. A dichotomous key is a tool used to identify
  organisms. It uses a series of questions, each
  with only 2 answers.

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Characteristics of Living Things

• The scientific name is made up of the genus and
  species of the organism.
• The name is written in italics, the GENUS is
  capitalized, and the species is lower case
• for example the scientific name for a human is
  Homo sapiens because homo is our genus and
  sapiens is our species.

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Characteristics of Living Things

• The Linnaeus system is made up of seven levels,
  Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and
  Species.
• King Philip Could Only Find Green Socks is one
  mnemonic way to remember the order of the levels.
  Another is King Philip Came Over For Good
  Spaghetti.
• The levels are arranged from the most broad,
  Kingdom, to the most specific, Species.

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Kingdom- organisms are placed into kingdoms based
  on their ability to make food and the number of
  cells in their body.

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Characteristics of Living Things

1. Phylum (phyla is plural)- In the Plant Kingdom,
   phyla are sometimes called divisions. In the
   Animal Kingdom, there are 35 different phyla.

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Characteristics of Living Things

1. Class, Order, Family-these levels become even
   more specific. Each level has fewer organisms
   that have more in common with each other as you
   move down the levels.

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Characteristics of Living Things

1. Genus- contains closely related organisms. The
   genus is the first word in an organisms
   scientific name

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Species- consists of all the organisms of the
  same type which are able to breed and produce
  young of the same kind. The species is the second
  word in an organisms scientific name.

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Hybrid Species

• Only animals from the same species can produce
  offspring that are fertile.
• Liger

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Hybrid Species

• Only animals from the same species can produce
  offspring that are fertile.
• Leopon

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Hybrid Species

• Only animals from the same species can produce
  offspring that are fertile.
• Pumapar

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Hybrid Species

• Only animals from the same species can produce
  offspring that are fertile.
• Zorse Zonkey

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Hybrid Species

• Only animals from the same species can produce
  offspring that are fertile.
• Wolphins

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Hybrid Species

• Only animals from the same species can produce
  offspring that are fertile.
• Cama

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Hybrid Species

• Only animals from the same species can produce
  offspring that are fertile.
• Grolar

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K P C O F G S
King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
Make your own mnemonic device
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Characteristics of Living Things

1. Most scientists classify organisms into 5
   kingdoms Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, and
   Monera.

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5 Kingdoms

• 14. Kingdoms
• 1) Plants (Plantae)- the plant kingdom is made
  up of plants. Plants are autotrophs, they make
  their own food. Plants are made up of many cells.
  Plants are divided into 2 groups vascular and
  nonvascular.

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5 Kingdoms

• 15. Kingdoms
• 2) Animals (Animalia)- the animal kingdom is
  made up of animals. Animals are heterotrophs-
  they must obtain food by eating it. Animals are
  made of many cells. The 35 phyla are divided into
  two groups vertebrates and invertebrates.

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5 Kingdoms

• 15. Kingdoms
• 3) Fungi- the fungi kingdom is made up of molds,
  yeasts, and mushrooms. Fungi are heterotrophs
  because they must absorb their food. Yeasts are
  one celled, while molds and yeasts are made of
  many cells.

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5 Kingdoms

• 15. Kingdoms
• 4)Protists (Protista)- the protists are made up
  of organisms that cannot easily fit into the
  plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms. They are one
  celled organisms with a nucleus or simple
  multi-celled organisms.

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5 Kingdoms

• 15. Kingdoms
• 5)Monera- the Monera kingdom is made up of
  bacteria. Their cells do not contain a nucleus.
  Some bacteria are autotrophs, some are
  heterotrophs.

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New 6 Kingdoms
Bacteria- organisms with no nucleus
Archaea- single cell organisms with no nucleus
that live in extreme conditions