Ort, Datum

1
Tasks of the German Working Group on Energy
BalancesOslo City group on energy statistics
Oslo, 6-8. February 2006.

• Dr. Hans-JoachimZiesing

2
The institutional arrangement

• Unlike most of the other countries the energy
  balances in Germany are compiled by a
  non-governmental institution
• This is the Working Group on Energy Balances
  (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen - AGEB -),
  founded in 1971
• Members of the AGEB are six associations of the
  energy industry and three research instituts

3
Members of the Working Group on Energy Balances
(6 associations of energy industry)

• BGW - Association of the German Gas and Water
  Industry, Berlin
• DEBRIV - German Lignite Industry Association,
  Cologne
• GVSt - General Association of the German Hard
  Coal Industry, Essen
• MWV - Association of the German Petroleum
  Industry, Hamburg
• VDEW - German Electricity Association, Berlin
• VIK - Association of the Energy and Power
  Generation Industry, Essen

4
Members of the Working Group on Energy Balances
(3 research instituts)

• DIW Berlin - German Institute for Economic
  Research
• EWI - Institute of Energy Economics at the
  University of Cologne
• RWI - Rhenish-Westphalian Institute for Economic
  Research
• Beside this Cooperation with the Working Group
  Renewable Energies Statistics at the Federal
  Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and
  Nuclear Safety

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Targets of the Working Group on Energy Balances
(1)

• The main targets are
• evaluating statistics from all the fields of the
  energy industry on the basis of uniform criteria,
  
• compiling the information available in a coherent
  form and
• making the facts and figures available to the
  public as Energy Balances
• Along with the main Energy Balance a Satellite
• Balance for Renewable Energies is compiled

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Targets of the Working Group on Energy Balances
(2)

• Besides compiling and publishing the energy
  balance
• as a full matrix with 58 sectors and 30 energy
  sources
• the Working Group prepares periodically
• so-called evaluation tables with detailed
  informations on energy consumption by sectors
  and energy sources (in summer time)
• estimates of the quarterly primary energy
  consumption (in spring, summer and autumn), and
• first estimates of the primary energy consumption
  of the previous year (in January)

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Subjects of the evaluation tables (1)

• Structure of energy consumption, by sectors
• Primary energy consumption, by energy resources
• Domestic primary energy production, by energy
  resources
• Total final energy consumption, by energy
  resources
• Final energy consumption by the rest of the
  mining and manufacturing sectors, by energy
  resources
• Final energy consumption by traffic, by energy
  resources

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Subjects of the evaluation tables (2)

• Final energy consumption by households, by energy
  resources
• Final energy consumption by the trade, commerce
  and services sector, by energy resources
• Final energy consumption by military agencies, by
  energy resources
• Use of energy resources for power generation, by
  fuel types.

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How the work is organized

• The energy balances published up to 1994 had been
  prepared by the Association of the German Hard
  Coal Industry in Essen.
• In 1994, the Working Group on Energy Balances
  transferred responsibility for the preparation of
  energy balances to DIW Berlin.
• Beginning with the balance year 2002 the energy
  balances will be compiled in co-operation between
  DIW Berlin and EEFA Consulting GmbHa on behalf of
  the Working Group on Energy Balances

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How the work is financed

• Up to 1994 the work totally had been financed by
  the fees of the commercial members of the Working
  Group on Energy Balances, especially by the
  Association of German Hard Coal Industry. The
  total fees amounted to less than 10 000 Euro per
  year.
• Beginning with 1995 the membership fees had been
  raised and a co-financing by the Federal Ministry
  of Economics started.

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Organisations Involved In Energy Statistics
Ministries
Statistical Institutions
Private Organisations
Economic - BMWA -
Federal Office For Economic (BAFA)
Statistic Of Coal Industries
Environment- BMU -
Federal Statistical Office
AG Energiebilanzen
Agriculture- BMVEL -
Associations Oil (MWV), Electricity (VDEW),
Gas (BGW) u.a.
Statistical Offices Of The Länder
Interior- BMI -
AGEE (Statistics For Renewables)
28.09.04
BMWA, IX A 2
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The data sources 1 -

• First of all The Working Group on Energy
  Balances
• does not create own data. The Group only compiles
• existing data of different data sources, of which
  the
• most important are
• official reports of the Federal Statistical
  Office and the Federal Ministry of Economics
• semi-official reports (e.g. Statistics of the
  Coal Industry)
• statistics of different associations in and
  outside the energy sector
• Personal communications by different experts

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The data sources 2 -

• Statistics of the Federal Statistics Office are
  the main source for energy consumption data in
  the sectors Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing
  Industry in the public and industrial power
  industry as well as in foreign trade in energy
  sources.
• Information on the petroleum sector is primarily
  supplied by the Federal Office of Economics and
  Export Control (BAFA). In accordance with the
  Petroleum Statistics Act, BAFA collects business
  activity data on a monthly basis from companies
  active on the petroleum market in Germany.

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The data sources - 3 - (petroleum)

• Together with data from other statistics offices,
  such as the Federal Statistics Office, an annual
  supply and consumption balance of petroleum is
  drawn up, on the basis of which data is also
  reported to the IEA, EU and UN (Annual Oil
  Statistics).
• Data for the petroleum section of energy balances
  has been provided since 1996 by the Association
  of the German Petroleum Industry in agreement
  with the AGEB and on behalf of DIW Berlin.

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The data sources 4 -

• The Federal Ministry of Economics was the main
  "supplier" of electricity- and gas-related data
  by way of its annual statistical reports on the
  electricity and gas industries.
• Where official statistics are not available for
  the coal sector, coal industry statistics provide
  the main data.
• Data on renewable energy sources are still
  affected by uncertainties, and concerns not so
  much electricity generating systems as more
  particularly thermal systems and diverse biogenic
  substances.

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The data sources 5 - (renewable energies)

• Special surveys of the Federal Statistics Office
  on behalf of Eurostat, the German Electricity
  Association, the German Lignite Industry
  Association (DEBRIV) on the use of wood fuel in
  private households, and informations from the
  Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food
  and Agriculture, as well as to a broad range of
  information from renewable energy industry.
• In 2004 a specific Working Group on Renewable
  Energy Statistics at the Federal Ministry of
  Environment was founded, which will improve the
  respective data base.

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The data sources 6 -

• Apart from data surveyed on an official basis,
  industry data represents an important source.
• In a number of cases, one is dependent on the
  personal communications of experts.
• Description of the non-energy consumption of
  renewable energy sources in the chemical sector
  is based, for example, on communications of the
  Chemical Industry Association (VCI) and the
  Association of the German Petroleum Industry
  (MWV).

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The present working capacity

• For many years the work of compiling the energy
  balances itself was done by one senior researcher
  at DIW Berlin only. In 2005 it changed due to
  fundings of the Federal Ministry of Economics to
  3 senior researchers.
• The data on mineral oil in the structure of the
  energy balances are directly delivered by an
  experienced statistician working with the
  Association of German Petroleum Industry.
• Besides there was irreplaceable support by
  members of the Working Group and especially by
  the Federal Statistical Office.

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Finalised energy balances available to date

• 1950 to 1990
• FRG within the borders which applied
• up to 3 October 1990
• 1991 to 1994
• FRG within the borders which applied
• from 3 October 1990, and, separately,
• for the old and new Länder.
• 1995 to 2002
• FRG

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Closing the gap of finalizing the energy balances

• The better support primarily should help to get
  over the time lag between the most recent year
  and the year of the published energy balance.
• The present situation is extremely unsatisfactory
  with the last energy balance for 2002. The
  balance for 2003 will be available in autumn
  2006, for 2004 in 2007 and for 2005 und 2006 in
  2008.
• Our target is to complete energy balance for the
  previous year with a time lag of 1 year only.

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Recalculation of Energy Balances?

• If a energy balance once is finalized, it usually
  will not be recalculated.
• An exception has been made concerning the
  assess-ment of renewable energies and nuclear
  power for the years 1990 to 1994 in a way we
  calculated this energy sources since 1995 and
  with statistical differences in electricity
  consumption, which we assigned to the commercial
  sector back to 1990.

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• THANK YOU FOR
• YOUR ATTENTION
• hziesing_at_diw.de

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Consistency of time series? - 1 -

• The calculations of the energy balance for the
  old and the new Länder from 1990 to 1994 and the
  calculation for Germany as a whole since 1995 do
  not affect the system and the methods of energy
  balances itself.
• Beginning with the 1995 balance for Germany the
  Working Group of Energy Balances decided that we
  should use another composition of sectors and
  energy sources but the same informations as
  before are still available. Therefore this will
  not affect the consistency. But

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Consistency of time series? - 2 -

• basic changes have inevitably arisen due to the
  new system of classification in the industrial
  area. On the basis of WZ 93 (like NACE), the
  economic activities of business enterprises,
  operations and other statistical units are
  uniformly recorded in all official statistics.
  This affects the comparability within the
  industry only
• and starting with 1995 we also decided to
  differentiate between the residential and the
  other sectors of final consumption. Therefore we
  only have consistent time series for aggregated
  data.

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Consistency of time series? - 3 -

• Another problem is the assessment of electricity
  imports and exports, water or wind power, solar
  energy or nuclear fuels used for electricity
  generation. Since 1995 the procedure adopted by
  international organisations was used in Germany
  as well. This caused an inconsistency compared
  with the procedure in the years before. With the
  EUROSTAT project the energy balances for 1990 to
  1994 had been revised in the meantime.
• All in all the problems relating to the
  consistency of time series seem to be less
  important.

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More transparency

• With the EUROSTAT Project of the German Federal
  Environmental Agency Harmonization of energy
  statistics used für CO2 inventories, which is
  reported in NIR 2004, the transparency already
  seems to be improved.
• There will be even a further improvement with
  another project, which is carried out on behalf
  of the Federal Environmental Agency by the DIW
  Berlin at present. This project strives for more
  transparency related to the data sources, the
  methods used and the problems of time-series
  consistency. This will be finalised in spring 2005

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The Energy Balance for 1990 - 1 -

• The problem with the energy balance for Germany
  as a whole for 1990 is that there was no uniform
  state territory in this year.
• Because of the radical setbacks and fundamental
  organizational and structural dislocations in the
  territory of the GDR and the new federal Länder,
  respectively, opportunities to record energy
  statistics for eastern German for 1990 were
  extremely complicated.

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The Energy Balance for 1990 - 2 -

• The Institute for Energy (IfE), based in Leipzig,
  on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics
  assumed responsibility for drawing up the energy
  balance 1990 for the GDR and the new Länder,
  respectively, on a systematic basis compatible
  with West German balances.
• For this purpose, the institute had recourse to a
  prior investigation, for which DIW had also been
  responsible, whose tasks had included the
  preparation of appropriate energy balances for
  the GDR for the years from 1970 to 1989.

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The Energy Balance for 1990 - 3 -

• As a result, the energy balance 1990 for Germany
• as a whole is an aggregation of
• the energy balance compiled by the Working Group
  on Energy Balances for the old Länder on the
  one hand and
• the IfE energy balance for the "new" Länder on
  the other hand.
• The IfE report gives a detailed description of
  the
• methods an data sources used for compiling the
• energy balance 1990 for the new Länder