Discrimination: After Reconstruction

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DiscriminationAfter Reconstruction

• Social Studies Solutions 39

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Reconstruction Ends

• Federal troops are withdrawn from the South
• Violence and Hostilities erupt from whites
• Black codes are wrote into law Jim Crow Laws
  legalize segregation

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Segregation and Race Relations
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Voting Restrictions designed to keep African
Americans from voting

• Literacy test tested reading ability, often
  consisted of hard questions, sometimes were given
  in a foreign language
• Poll tax annual fee that must be paid in order
  to vote
• Grandfather Clause wrote into law so that if you
  failed the literacy test and/or couldnt pay the
  poll tax if your grandfather could vote, then you
  could vote, helped poor whites.

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Segregation separation based on ethnicity

• Black codes were used to separate blacks and
  whites which are eventually called Jim Crow laws.
• Term Jim Crow is derived from a minstrel show and
  means laws that segregate by race
• Schools, buses, church, businesses, sidewalks,
  water fountains, drink machines, waiting rooms,
  etc.

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Minstrel Shows and Jim Crow

• minstrelsy embodied racial hatred
• minstrel shows were the first form of musical
  theatre that was 100 American-born and bred
• In 1828, Jim Crow was born. He began his strange
  career as a minstrel caricature of a black man
  created by a white man, Thomas "Daddy" Rice, to
  amuse white audiences. By the 1880s, Jim Crow had
  become synonymous with a complex system of racial
  laws and customs in the South that enabled white
  social, legal and political domination of blacks.
  Blacks were segregated, deprived of their right
  to vote, and subjected to verbal abuse,
  discrimination, and violence without redress in
  the courts or support by the white community.
  -The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow

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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• Separate but equal doctrine (can be separated as
  long as equal facilities are provided)
• Said to not violate the 14th amendment
• Legalizes segregation for 60 years

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RACE RELATIONS

• Racial etiquette informal rules and customs that
  governed interactions between whites and blacks.
  Ex) no handshaking, blacks must yield to whites,
  separate sidewalks, always look down when
  interacting with a white woman, etc.
• Lynching execution without trial (tactic to
  cause fear used by the KKK)
• Ida B. Wells3 prominent friends lynched and she
  became an advocate against lynching and racial
  injustice
• Northern Citiesblacks moved North in search of
  better jobs and to escape discrimination but they
  still faced challenges segregated neighborhoods,
  labor unions discouraged membership, lower wages,
  often hired as last resort.

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Booker T. Washington

• President of Tuskegee Institute (Vocational
  School)
• Well-known African American
• Work together and gradually improve conditions
• Economic and intellectual quality first, the rest
  will come
• Advocated vocational education
• Atlanta Compromise cooperate on economic issues
  and be separate on social issues

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W.E.B. DuBois

• Harvard Educated
• Demanded rights immediately
• Niagara Falls Convention for African American
  Civil Rights leads to the NAACP being founded
  which aimed for equality among all races
• Felt movement should be led by well-educated
  African Americans

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Other Discrimination

• Native Americans, Mexicans, and Asians
• Mexicans especially faced low wages and debt
  peonage (forced work until debt is paid slavery
  essentially)
• Chinese whites feared job competition which
  leads to segregated schools and communities, and
  the Chinese Exclusion Act

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• What practice did the Supreme Courts decision in
  Plessey v. Ferguson legalize?
• a. poll taxes
• b. racial segregation
• c. workplace discrimination
• d. debt peonage

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• Which of the following did NOT keep African
  American from voting?
• a. literacy tests
• b. poll taxes
• c. grandfather clause
• d. 15th Amendment

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• Which of the following is FALSE about Booker T.
  Washington?
• a. born as a slave.
• b. Founded Tuskegee Institute
• c. favored immediate equality
• d. stressed vocational training

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• Which civil rights leader was associated with
  advocating against lynching?
• Booker T Washington
• WEB DuBois
• Ida B. Wells
• Jim Crow

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• What were laws that segregated the races called?
• Jim Crow
• Segregation
• Lynch
• None of the Above

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Ida B. Wells

• Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a fearless anti-lynching
  crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate,
  journalist, and speaker. She stands as one of our
  nation's most uncompromising leaders and most
  ardent defenders of democracy.
• It was in Memphis where she first began to fight
  (literally) for racial and gender justice. In
  1884 she was asked by the conductor of the
  Chesapeake Ohio Railroad Company to give up her
  seat on the train to a white man and ordered her
  into the smoking or "Jim Crow" car, which was
  already crowded with other passengers.
• Many people took the advice Wells penned in her
  paper and left town other members of the Black
  community organized a boycott of white owned
  business to try to stem the terror of lynchings.
  Her newspaper office was destroyed as a result of
  the muckraking and investigative journalism she
  pursued after the killing of her three friends.
• She however continued her blistering journalistic
  attacks on Southern injustices, being especially
  active in investigating and exposing the
  fraudulent "reasons" given to lynch Black men,
  which by now had become a common occurrence.
• In Chicago, she helped develop numerous African
  American women and reform organizations, but she
  remained diligent in her anti-lynching crusade,
  writing Southern Horrors Lynch Law in All Its
  Phases. She also became a tireless worker for
  women's suffrage, and happened to march in the
  famous 1913 march for universal suffrage in
  Washington, D.C. Not able to tolerate injustice
  of any kind, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, along with
  Jane Addams, successfully blocked the
  establishment of segregated schools in Chicago.