Reconstruction IDs

1
Reconstruction IDs
2
Freedmans Bureau

• Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned lands
• Created to provide food, clothing, healthcare,
  and education for both black and white refugees
  in the South.
• Helped reunite families seperated by slavery and
  war.
• Negotiated fair labor contracts between former
  slaves and white landowners.
• Established the precedent that black citizens had
  legal rights.

3
Black Codes

• Laws that sought to limit the rights of African
  Americans and to keep them as landless workers.
• Required African Americans to work only in
  certain occupations.
• Prohibited African Americans from owning land.
• Vagrancy laws

4
14th Amendment

• A constitutional amendment that stated all
  citizens should have Equal protection under the
  law. This amendment guaranteed equality under
  the law for all citizens.
• Part II on your own. P. 151
• Part III on your own.

5
15th Amendment

• Forbids any state from denying suffrage on the
  grounds of race, color, or previous condition of
  servitude.
• Gives African Americans the right to vote.
• Left room for evasion (literacy tests, property
  requirements etc)

6
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867/ Radical
Republican Reconstruction/ Congressional
Reconstruction

• Nullified the moderate programs of Andrew Johnson
• Divided the former Confederacy into five military
  districts
• A Union general was placed in charge of each
  district with orders to maintain peace and
  protect the rights of persons and property.

7
Carpetbaggers

• Northern Republicans that migrated to the south
  after the Civil War.
• Local residents often viewed carpetbaggers as
  intruders who sought to exploit the south's
  postwar turmoil for their own gain.

8
Scalawags

• Derogatory term for white southerners who worked
  with Republicans and supported Reconstruction.

9
Ku Klux Klan

• A secret society formed to undermine Republican
  rule and reconstruction efforts.
• Hooded, white robed Klan members rode through the
  south at night terrorizing African Americans,
  Republicans, carpetbaggers, teachers in African
  American schools, and others who supported
  Republican governments.
• In 1870 and 1871 Pres. Grant and Congress passed
  a series of Enforcement Acts to limit the power
  of the Klan.

10
Compromise of 1877

• Compromise to decided who would win the election
  of 1876, Hayes or Tilden.
• Southern democrats would give the election to
  Hayes if a southerner would be made postmaster
  general
• Republicans promised funds for internal
  improvements to the south
• Republicans also promised to remove federal
  troops from the south.
• Ended Reconstruction

11
Jim Crow Laws

• Laws that enforced segregation and perpetuated
  discrimination against African-Americans.

12
Literacy Tests

• Some states required that prospective voters be
  literate, so tests were given to test literacy.(
  the ability to read or understand the
  Constitution)
• These tests were used to disenfranchise blacks in
  the south as test officials could pass or fail
  applicants as they wished.

13
Poll Taxes

• Southern states passed laws requiring all
  citizens registering to vote must pay a tax.
• This disenfranchised people living in poverty.
• Grandfather clauses were eventually used to
  exclude poor white southerners from poll taxes.

14
Grandfather Clauses

• Any man could vote (without a poll tax or a
  literacy test) who had an ancestor on the voting
  rolls before 1865.
• This made almost all African-Americans ineligible
  to vote.

15
Lynching

• Executions without proper court proceedings.
• Between 1890-1899 there was an average of 187
  lynchings per year.
• Over 80 of these lynchings were carried out in
  the South, and 70 of the victims were African
  Americans.

16
Ida B. Wells

• An African-American woman from Tennessee who
  crusaded against lynching.

17
Booker T. Washington

• African American educator who proposed that
  African Americans should concentrate on achieving
  economic goals rather than legal or political
  ones.
• He believed that the fight for civil rights
  should be postponed and that African Americans
  instead shoulde prepare themselves educationally
  and vocationally for full equality.

18
W.E.B. Du Bois

• Du Bois believed that African Americans would
  only gain full rights by demanding equality.
• He argued that even though African Americans had
  made educational and vocational gains,
  southerners were still denying them of equal
  rights.
• Particularly concerned with voting rights.