Nessun titolo diapositiva

1
(No Transcript)
2
(No Transcript)
3
running the jVE production
Our products are sequences of numbers!
1-2 2-13 28-7-27-7 ...
Product 1-2 requires the production phases 1
and 2 28-7-27-7 requires
Each production phase represents a step in the
process of producing a good or a service using
goods or services
4
A system of enterprises and micro productive
units (a swarm)
market
Enterprise front end
1-2 2-13 28-7-27-7 ...
units
recipes
FE
7
our jVE enterprise (a sub-swarm of units)
FE
28
27
5
a, a random order with a random recipe
28-7-27-7
then we have steps b, c, in x we have a
choice problem
a
units
FE
b
7
FE
?
?
28
c
7
x
27
The orders are placed in the unit waiting lists
and executed in a FIFO way
6
Warehouses and inventories
28-7-27-7
units
?
FE
7
FE
28
7
27
?
?
?
? how to decide?
7
The Environment Rules Agents (ERA) scheme
http//web.econ.unito.it/terna/ct-era/ct-era.html
8
Knowledge management and information diffusion
28-7-27-7
a microunit
units
News useful for technically objects
FE
7
a macrounit
?
?
FE
28
?
7
???
27
? Sending or not the news a problem of
cooperation, routines,
agreements, (the core of
organization
problems)
9
The swarm of swarm technique allows us to
consider macrounits containing a complete jVE
and to simulate the effect of information
diffusion linking directly the macrounits or the
micro ones so a jVE macrounit may work on the
basis of the news produced by a microunit
operating within another jVE or by another
macrounit
10
Hierarchies, knowledge management and P2P
perspective ...
GartnerConsulting The Emergence of Distributed
Content Management and Peer- to-Peer Content
Networks
11
Procurement
28-7-27-7
units
FE
7
121
34
28
...
73
Exploding recipes to consider deeply
subprocurement problems
28-121-34--73-7-27-7
12
Accounting capabilities
28-7-27-7
units
cost accounting on the order side
FE
7
differences ?
FE
?
?
28
7
cost accounting on the unit side
27
environmental accounting
13
A closer look to the jVEFrame model

• The no-inventories case and the effects on the
  length of the waiting lists
• The inventories case waiting lists and
  financial costs
• The diffusion of news that influence decisions
  about inventories different effects on financial
  costs (not yet implemented)

14
without inventories
15
with inventories
16
(No Transcript)
17
3 matrixes (unexpressed, emerging, operating in
background, )
flows of
from/to

• goods and services

Units 1 2 3 N
1 2 3 N

• information

• hierarchies

18
The enterprises (unexpressed) knowledge
What unexpressed knowledge is? The tacit,
unarticulated, nonscientific knowledge of the
decision-makers
With jVEFrame we can build models on it, in
actual enterprises, and simulate the effects of
changes like B2B or B2C or P2P knowledge
management etc.
19
Emerging innovation
with JVEFrame we can also make the attempt of
modeling the emergence of innovation
of any length in recipes of any length
( as components in recipes)
in recipes ...
1 311 1217 7 ...

• new in recipes as new production phases or
  components
• new recipes as sequences of new and old
• to renew units and spatial organization in a
  productive supply chain

20
From
units
FE
7
FE
?
?
28
7
27
21
to
local networks of enterprises or industrial
districts
7
FE
28
7
27
with the emergence of new units, new jVEs and a
new space organization
22
A small project (jVEFrame) and a big one (NIIIP)
The primary objective of the National Industrial
Information Infrastructure Protocols (NIIIP)
Consortium is to develop, demonstrate, and
transfer into widespread use the technology to
enable Industrial Virtual Enterprises. A Virtual
Enterprise is a temporary organization of
companies that come together to share costs and
skills to address business opportunities that
they could not undertake individually. Industrial
Virtual Enterprises, with NIIIP technology,
foster collaborative efforts and the sharing of
engineering and manufacturing information.
www.niiip.org
23
Forthcoming practical improvements in jVEFrame
Introduction of space, distances, transportation
and logistic problems
Creation of Gantt charts for the simulated
activities
24
The theoretical side ...
Luis Garicano (2000), Hierarchies and the
Organization of Knowledge in Production, Journal
of Political Economy, vol. 108, no. 5
Organizations exist, to a large extent, to solve
coordination problems in the presence of
specialization. As Hayek (1945, p. 520) pointed
out, each individual is able to acquire knowledge
about a narrow range of problems. Coordinating
this disparate knowledge, deciding who learns
what, and matching the problems confronted with
those who can solve them are some of the most
prominent issues with which economic organization
must deal.
Hayek, Friedrich A. von. The Use of Knowledge in
Society. A.E.R. 35 (September 1945) 51930.
25
A theoretical journey with agent based simulation
and jVEFrame from Chamberlin and Coase to
Kirzner, via the Hayeks work.
Chamberlin E.H. (1933), The Theory of
Monopolistic Competition, Cambridge (Ma.),
Harvard University Press.
Coase R. (1937), The nature of the firm,
Economica, 4, pp. 386- 405.
v. Hayek F. (1948), Individualism and Economic
Order, London, University of Chicago Press.
Kirzner I. (1997), Entrepreneurial discovery and
the competitive market process an Austrian
approach, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.XXXV
, n.1, pp. 60-85.
26
Conclusions ( borrowed from Kirzners paper)
If the Austrian theory claims that
entrepreneurial discovery can account for a
tendency toward equilibrium, that vague-sounding
term tendency toward is used deliberately,
advisedly, and quite precisely. Such a tendency
does exist at each and every moment, in the sense
that earlier entrepreneurial errors have created
profit opportunities which provide the incentives
for entrepreneurial corrective decisions to be
made. These incentives offer rewards to those who
can better anticipate precisely those changes in
supply and demand conditions which we have seen
to be so disconcertingly possible. What our
understanding of the entrepreneurial discovery
process provides, is not conviction that an
unerringly equilibrative process is at all times
in progress, but rather appreciation for the
economic forces which continually encourage such
equilibrative movement.