Classification

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Classification
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TAXONOMY

• Branch of biology that names groups organisms
  according to their characteristics and
  evolutionary history

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Aristotle (384-322 BC)

• Made the first recorded attempt at
  classification over 2000 years ago.
• Grouped all living things into two categories
• Animals
• Plants
• What are some problems with this system?

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LINNAEUS

• Developed a system to fix the problems with
  Aristotles method
• To classify organisms, their PHYLOGENY, or
  evolutionary history, should be considered.
• 7 levels of classification

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Phylogenetic Tree
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•  
• Linnaeus's seven levels of classification
  arefrom largestsmallest
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species
• Each level is called a taxon, or taxonomic
  category.

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• The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of
  Linnaeus's taxonomic categories.

Sea star
Black bear
Giant panda
Grizzly bear
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
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• phylum - the subsets of kingdom.

Black bear
Giant panda
Grizzly bear
Red fox
Abert squirrel
Coral snake
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• class, the subsets of phylum.

Abert squirrel
Black bear
Giant panda
Grizzly bear
Red fox
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• An order is a broad category composed of the
  subsets of class.

Grizzly bear
Black bear
Red fox
Giant panda
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• family, the subsets of order.

Black bear
Giant panda
Grizzly bear
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•  Species and genus are the two smallest
  categories.
• Genus is each subset within a family
• Species is each subset within a genus

Grizzly bear
Black bear
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Grizzly bear
Black bear
Sea star
Coral snake
Red fox
Giant panda
Abert squirrel
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King Philip Came Over From Great Spain
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The classification for humans

• Kingdom-Animalia
• Phylum-Chordata (subphylum vertebrata)
• Class-Mammalia
• Order-Primate
• Family-Hominidae

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• Genus-Homo
• Species-sapiens
• Why are Homo sapiens written in italics?????

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BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

• Linnaeus also developed a 2 name (SPECIES NAME)
  system of naming organisms.
• The species name has 2 parts. The 1st word is
  the GENUS the 2nd is the SPECIES.
• The 1st letter of the genus name is always
  capitalized. The species name is all lower-case
  letters.
• Scientific names should be written in italics or
  underlined.
• Homo sapiens (or Homo sapiens) is the scientific
  name for humans.

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Practice

• Write the following scientific names correctly
• BISON BISON (a buffalo)
• PANTHERA LEO (a lion)
• CARETTA CARETTA (a loggerhead sea turtle)

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Check yourself

• Bison bison or Bison bison
• Panthera leo or Panthera leo
• Caretta caretta or Caretta Caretta
• Please do not try to write in italics on your
  quiz/test. It is too difficult for me to tell
  that you meant it to be that way. Underline
  instead.

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The Six-Kingdom Systemof Classification includes

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

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The Six Kingdom System

• 1. ARCHAEBACTERIA
• ancient bacteria
• Prokaryotic
• Unicellular
• Live in hostile environments
• Auto- and heterotrophic
• Reproduce by binary fission
• Can have a cell wall containing peptidoglycan
• Some have flagella

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2. EUBACTERIA

• true bacteria
• Prokaryotic
• Unicellular
• Common today
• Cause disease/decay
• Found almost everywhere
• Auto- heterotrophic
• Reproduce by binary fission
• Can have cell walls with peptidoglycan
• Can have flagella

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The archaebacteria and eubacteria used to be
grouped together as MONERANS.
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The Three-Domain System

• The domain is a more inclusive category than any
  otherlarger than a kingdom.
• The three domains are
• Eukarya, which is composed of protists, fungi,
  plants, and animals.
• Bacteria, which corresponds to the kingdom
  Eubacteria.
• Archaea, which corresponds to the kingdom
  Archaebacteria.

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3. PROTISTA

• Eukaryotic
• Uni- multicellular
• Auto- heterotrophic
• junk drawer
• Some move, some dont
• Can have cell walls with cellulose
• Examples-euglena, amoebas, giant kelp

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4. FUNGI

• Eukaryotic
• Uni- multicellular
• HeterotrophicNO FUNGI DO NOT MAKE THEIR OWN
  FOOD!!!!!!!!
• Dont move
• Cell walls with chitin
• Examples-yeast, mushrooms, molds

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5. PLANTAE

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Dont move
• Cell walls have cellulose

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6. ANIMALIA

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• Some can move, but not all
• No cell walls

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Use this chart for the basics