Chapter 15, Section 2

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Chapter 15, Section 2

• Early Years of the War

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New Technology

• New rifles and cannons were more accurate and had
  greater range than previous weapons.
• Ironclads were a great improvement over older
  wooden warships.

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Event

• Forts Henry and Donelson
• February 1862
• Military Leader
• Union Grant
• Outcome The Union takes control of two water
  routes into the western Confederacy

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Event

• Use of Ironclads
• Outcome ironclads are used by the South against
  the Union blockade
• used by the North to hold the Mississippi R.

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Event

• Battle of Shiloh
• April 1862
• Military leaders Union Grant
• Confederacy
• A.S. Johnston
• Outcome
• Union takes control of major railroad center and
  part of the Mississippi River

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Event

• New Orleans
• April 1862
• Military Leader
• - Farragut
• Outcome The North controls almost all of the
  Mississippi River.

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Event

• Outside Richmond, Virginia
• May and June 1862
• Military Leader Union McClellan
• Outcome Richmond is not taken

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Event

• Battle of Antietam
• Sept. 1862
• Military Leader
• Union McClellan
• Confederacy Lee
• Outcome
• Lee is forced to stop his invasion of the North
• One day of the battle was the bloodiest day of
  the war
• Neither side really won the war, but the North
  claimed victory
• Lincoln used the victory to announce the
  Emancipation Proclamation

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Chapter 15, Section 3
The Emancipation Proclamation
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Emancipating the Enslaved

• Lincolns main war goal was to restore (or
  preserve) the Union. He did not free slaves at
  the beginning of the war in order to avoid
  causing border states to secede.
• Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on
  Jan. 1, 1863.
• However, it only freed slaves in states fighting
  the Union, so very few enslaved people were
  immediately freed. Most Union soldiers supported
  the proclamation because it weakened the South.

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Emancipating the Enslaved

• The Emancipation Proclamation caused the Civil
  War to become a war abolish slavery.
• It also kept Britain from recognizing the
  Souths independence.

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African Americans Help the Union

• More than half of African American volunteers
  serving in the Union army were former slaves.
• Confederates did not treat captured African
  Americans as prisoners of war they faced slavery
  or death.

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African Americans Help the Union

• Noncombat positions held by free African
  Americans in the Union Army
• cooks
• wagon drivers
• hospital aides
• Ways enslaved African Americans hurt the
  Confederate war effort
• provided information to the Union
• refused to work

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Chapter 15, Section 4
The Civil Wars Effect on American Life
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Divisions

• In the North, some people
• opposed the Emancipation Proclamation
• believed the South had the right to secede
• Northern Democrats opposed to the war were called
  copperheads

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Divisions

• Areas of South less supportive of war
• poor backcountry regions with few enslaved
  people
• Opposition to the war was strongest in
• - Georgia and North Carolina.
• Divisions were created by strong support for
  states rights.

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Disruptions

• Way people disrupted the war effort
• Encouraged soldiers to desert
• Helped prisoners of war to escape
• Tried to prevent men from volunteering
• Held peace protests

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Disruptions

• Both sides dealt with disruptions in some areas
  by suspending habeas corpus. constitutional
  protection against unlawful imprisonment.

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Draft Laws

• Desertion was a problem for both sides. Many
  soldiers left their units to plant or harvest
  crops.
• Each side established a draft, a system of
  required military service.
• Anger at exceptions to this requirement caused
  riots in many places

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Women in the Civil War

• Womens contributions to the war effort on both
  sides
• Disguised themselves as men to join the army
• Became spies
• Took over businesses and farms
• Worked in factories
• Barriers for women fell, especially in the field
  of nursing.
• Clara Barton cared for the wounded on the
  battlefield. Founded the American Red Cross.

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Economic Strains

• Congress levied the first income tax to pay for
  the war.
• The Union printed large amounts of paper money,
  causing the cost of goods to increase.
• Union blockades of the South caused shortages
  that made goods expensive

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Inflation during the Civil War Inflation during the Civil War Inflation during the Civil War Inflation during the Civil War Inflation during the Civil War Inflation during the Civil War
NORTH   SOUTH  
Wholesale prices in 1861 1.00 Wholesale prices Jan- April 1861 1.00
1862 1.17 Dec 1861 1.72
1863 1.48 Dec 1862 6.86
1864 1.89 Dec 1863 2.464
1865 2.16 Dec 1864 4.285
April 1865 9.211
- taken from Gallman 1994, p. 97.
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IA
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