Unit 3 Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

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• Create this T-chart in your notebook. Left hand
  page (58)

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• Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

• Observe the two types of cells. List 3
  similarities and 3 differences on your notes
  page.

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Cell City Tour

• You are going to go on a cell city tour. On the
  left side of your notebook (under your t-chart)
  you will list the organelles you find on the tour
  and give a possible function of the organelle
  from the clues on the tour (or prior knowledge).

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Unit 3Chapter 7A View of the Cell
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Cytology the study of cellsHistologist
studies cells
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Organization

• Atom
• Molecule
• Organelles
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organs
• Systems
• Organisms

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Cell Theory

• 1) All organisms are composed of one or more
  cells
• 2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and
  functions of living things
• 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

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To be a cell

• Plasma membrane cell membrane, made of 2 layers
  of phospholipids
• Cytoplasm carbohydrate and water based solution
  that suspends all internal parts of the cell
• Ribosomes produces proteins
• DNA genetic material made of nucleic acids

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Two types of cells

• Prokaryote bacteria, archaebacteria
• Eukaryote protist, fungus, plant, animal

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Prokaryotic cell

• No nucleus
• No organelles
• Small
• Simple
• Plasma membrane, ribosome, cytoplasm, DNA
• Typically unicellular
• Ex. Archaebacteria

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Eukaryote

• Complex
• 4 basic components organelles
• Organelles small compartments that carry out
  specialized functions within a cell
• Multicellular organisms
• Many variations

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Plasma Membrane

• A flexible boundary between the cell and its
  environment maintains a balance of nutrients, etc
• Selective permeability
• A process in which a membrane allows some
  molecules to pass through while keeping others
  out

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Structure of the Plasma membrane

• Phospholipids
• A double layer that creates water-soluble
  outsides surrounding water insoluble insides
• Transport Proteins
• Span the entire membrane to regulate which
  molecules enter and which leave

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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
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Major Organelles

• Nucleus both plant and animal
• Chloroplast - plants
• Mitochondria plant and animal
• Centrioles - animal
• Dont forget the importance of the plasma
• membrane!
• Organelles are membrane bound structures with
  particular (specialized) functions within
  eukaryote cells.

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Nucleus ? cell control

• Chromatin
• Strands of genetic material (DNA) that contains
  the directions for making proteins. Forms
  chromosomes
• Nucleolus, Nuclear Pores, and Nuclear Envelope
• A prominent body within the nucleus, which makes
  the ribosomes

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Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Chloroplasts
• Containing the green pigment, chlorophyll, these
  oval bodies capture light energy and turn it into
  chemical energy (photosynthesis)

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Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Mitochondria
• Rod-shaped organelle with many inner folds, which
  breaks down sugar to release its stored energy
  for cell use (cell respiration)

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Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Centrioles
• Pairs of microtubules that play an important role
  in cell division

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Plant and Animal Cell Similarities

• Cell membrane that surrounds the cell
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus that houses DNA
• Ribosomes for protein production
• Mitochondria that breaks down food and creates
  energy for the cell.
• Vacuoles for storage of food, water, and waste.
  Although plants have one large vacuoles compared
  to animals many small vacuoles.

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Differences in Plant and Animal Cells

• Plants contain a cell wall that surrounds the
  cell membrane and provides shape and support.
• Plants contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• Plant cells have a brick-like shape where as
  animal cells are more cylindrical.
• Plants use chloroplasts to store energy in sugar
  animal cells use mitochondria to release energy
  stored in food. Plants contain a cell wall that
  surrounds the cell membrane and provides shape
  and support.
• Plants contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• Plant cells have a brick-like shape where as
  animal cells are more cylindrical.
• Plants use chloroplasts to store energy in sugar
  animal cells use mitochondria to release energy
  stored in food.

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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Scientific explanation
• Origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Endosymbiotic bacteria bacteria that live
  within other cells and perform specific functions
  for host cells
• Endosymbiotic Theory suggests critical stage in
  evolution of eukaryotic cells involved
  endosymbiotic relationships with prokaryotes
• Energy-producing bacteria reside in larger
  bacteria, eventually evolving into mitochondria
• Photosynthetic bacteria live within larger
  bacteria, leading to evolution of chloroplasts

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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Support for endosymbiotic theory
• Presence of numerous symbiotic relationships
• Present-day mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
  centrioles contain their own DNA
• Similar to DNA of bacteria in size and character

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Lets Practice!

• Foldable
• Draw, label, compare contrast prokaryote and
  eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
• Compare contrast plant and animal cells
• Draw discuss the purpose function of the
  following organelles
• Nucleus chloroplast Cell wall
• Mitochondria ribosome nucleolus
• Cytoplasm cell membrane Vacuole
• Draw and explain the endosymbiotic theory.