World War II

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World War II
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Part I The Causes and Start of the War
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Causes and Start of the WarJapan

• Japan Invaded Manchuria in 1931
• Why
• Japan needed more natural resources
  (______________________)
• __________________ hit Japan hard!
• More conservative leaders of the government and
  military becoming powerful influences in society
  (and with the Emperor, Hirohito)
• How - _____________________
• Japan controlled a railway system in Manchuria
• __________________________________________________
  _____
• Japanese government claimed that Chinese
  nationalists were to blame sent in army to
  protect its interests in Manchuria
• Manchuria made into a puppet state of Japan
• Renamed ______________________
• Puppet leader __________________________________
  _______

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Causes and Start of the WarJapan

• Japan condemned for actions
• League of Nations investigated the events in
  Manchuria and concluded that Japan was at fault
• __________________________________________________
  _____
• USA also condemned Japanese actions and refused
  to recognize the existence of Manchukuo

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Causes and Start of the WarJapan

• Japan Invaded China in 1937
• Why China would provide resources as well as a
  way to move into SE Asia and parts of Russia to
  take them over
• Japanese forces quickly took major population
  centers (______________________) and Northeastern
  China
• Japanese forces committed atrocities on Chinese
  people
• Chinese not able to fight back conflict between
  Communists (led by ____________) and Nationalists
  (led by ________________)
• Actions again (weakly) condemned by
  __________________ __________________________

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Causes and Start of the WarJapan

• Japan targeted SE Asia Next
• USA warned Japanese that it would impose economic
  sanctions if it moved troops into SE Asia and if
  Japan did not withdraw from China and Manchuria
• USA still a little angry over the sinking of one
  of its ships by Japanese in 1937 and thinks that
  Japan is too aggressive
• USA was Japans Major supplier of
  ___________________ these sanctions would hurt
  Japan!
• Japanese felt that USA was a roadblock to the
  success of Japanese expansion
• Late 1940 Mid 1941 Japan invaded French
  Indochina
• USA hits Japan with sanctions
• Stops selling ________________ to Japan
• ________________________________
• December 1941 Japanese Naval attacks on
  ________ _________________________________________
  ____

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Causes and Start of the WarItaly

• Mussolini ordered the invasion of _______ in
  October 1935
• ________________________ did nothing!
• ________________________ did nothing!

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Causes and Start of the WarGermany

• Hitler Violated the Treaty of Versailles
  Repeatedly between 1935 1938 with Nobody
  Stopping Him!
• March 1935 Military build-up
• ______________________________________
• ____________
• Hitler only warned by Britain, France, and Italy
• March 1936 Hitler ordered troops to occupy the
  ___________
• France did nothing
• Britain began policy of _________________
• 1936 Treaties with other powers
• _________________________________________
• Hitler had supported Italian invasion of Ethiopia
  in 1935
• Both Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco in
  ______________________
• __________________________________
  anti-USSR/Communism agreement

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Causes and Start of the WarGermany

• Hitler Violated the Treaty of Versailles
  Repeatedly between 1935 1938 with Nobody
  Stopping Him!
• March 1938 ________________________________
• Austrian Chancellor forced to appoint Austrian
  Nazis to positions in Austrian Government
• _________________ assassinated by Nazi agents and
  action blamed on foreign agents
• This was used as a pretense for Austrian Nazis to
  appeal to Germany for help against the foreign
  agents
• German Army moved into Austria on
  ___________________
• Austria Annexed on the next day

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Causes and Start of the WarGermany

• Hitler Violated the Treaty of Versailles
  Repeatedly between 1935 1938 with Nobody
  Stopping Him!
• September 1938 _________________________________
  ___ _________________________________________
• Hitler made an ultimatum to the Czechoslovakian
  government that he would risk world war to
  allow the German people of the Sudetenland to
  join with Germany
• A peace conference was arranged by
  ________________________ ___________ to solve the
  crisis
• The Conference took place in Munich
• __________________________________________________
  _______ participated
• The Agreement
• Sudetenland ? Germany
• __________________________________________________
  ___ _________________________________
• Sovereignty of Czechoslovakia would be upheld

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Causes and Start of the WarGermany

• March 1939
• Hitler sent troops into Czechoslovakia
• _______________________________________
• _______________________________________
• Mussolini sent troops into _______________
• Hitler forced _____________ to give up the
  German-speaking city of Memel to Germany
• Hitler made it known that he wanted to annex the
  Polish Corridor and the city of Danzig
• _______________ vowed to declare war against
  Germany if they attacked Poland
• _________________ attempted to make an alliance
  with the USSR (but did not because Stalin wanted
  territory, too)

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Causes and Start of the WarGermany

• August 1939 Hitler and Stalin sign the ______
  _________________________________
• Germany and USSR promise not to attack each other
  and remain neutral if either side gets involved
  in a war
• Germany promised ___________________________
  ____________________________________
• USSR promised ______________________________
  __________________________
• Poland Invaded on September 1, 1939
  _______________________________
• Britain and France declared war on September 3,
  1939

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Part II The Course of the War
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The War in Europe and North Africa

• September 1939 April 1940 Phony War
• ________________________________________
• April 9, 1940 German Blitzkrieg invasions of
  _________ ______________________
• May 1940 Blitzkrieg invasions of
  ___________________ ______________________________
  
• Allies caught off-guard and armies forced into
  the town of Dunkirk
• For some (unexplained) reason German advance
  halts temporarily ? ______________________________
  _____________
• __________________ became the new Prime Minister
  of Britain
• June 22, 1940 France Surrendered to Germany
• Northern France annexed by Germany
• Southern France (and French North Africa) ?
  _______________ __________________________________
  __________________

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• 1940 USA out of War but Helps a Little
• ___________________________________ ways to
  lend and/or give Britain war materials
• August 1940 _____________ signed by Churchill
  and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt pledge
  to work against Nazi Tyranny
• August - September 1940 The Battle of Britain
• The Plan air superiority over Britain ?
  Invasion of Britain (____________________)
• Early stages German attacks on British air
  defenses and dogfighting between
  _________________________
• Later nightly bombing of London and other
  British cities to weaken British Spirits
• _______________________

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• Italy got involved unsuccessfully
• In Southern Europe
• October 1940 _______________________________
• _____________________ forces stopped Italian
  troops
• ____________________________ taken by Germany by
  1941
• Germany sent troops into ________ and conquered
  it (and _________________) by April, 1941
• In Northern Africa
• December 1940 ___________________________________
  ___________________
• German tank commander ___________________________
  and his Afrika Korps sent in by Hitler
• Afrika Korps pushed British army back into
  ______________

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• June 22, 1941 Germany invaded ___________
  ____________________________
• Within a few months, this massive invasion had
  almost destroyed the ______________ and had taken
  over about _____________________________
• _______________________________ under siege
• Stalin orders a _______________________________
• The Winter then set in
• Poor Planning __________________________________
  _
• Soviet Counteroffensive in December 1941
• By the Summer of 1942 the Germans again were on
  the offensive in the Soviet Union

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• The Turning Points of the European and North
  African Part of the War
• In North Africa
• July 1942 British westward counteroffensive
  launched after ______________________ and his
  troops beat the Afrika Korps at ________________
• November 1942 _______________ US and Free
  French Armies invaded Morocco and Algeria and
  began a campaign moving eastward
• In the Soviet Union
• August 1942 February 1943 _______________
  _________________________________________
  __________________________

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• January 1943 ___________________________
• Churchill, Roosevelt and DeGaulle decide to
  attack __________ (The soft underbelly of the
  Axis) next
• July 1943 Invasion of Italy began
• August 1943 ______________________________
• September 3, 1943
• Allies move into the Italian Peninsula
• Italy Surrenders to Allies
• ______________________ fires Mussolini and
  imprisons him
• ____________________ became the new Prime
  Minister
• Italy joined the Allied side, but the Germans
  then quickly occupied most of the Italian
  peninsula
• Mussolini freed by a German commando raid and set
  up as a puppet dictator of German-controlled
  Northern Italy

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• November 1943 Two more conferences
• _____________________________
• Churchill and Roosevelt met with Jiang Jeishi
  (leader of the Nationalist Government of China)
• Promised to help _________________________________
  __ ___________________________
• Promised to preserve Nationalist control of China
  and elevate it to a global power after the War
• ___________________________
• Churchill and Roosevelt met with Stalin
• The Plan
• __________________________________________________
  _ ________________________________________________
  ___ ______________________________________________
  _____
• Once Germany eliminated, then USSR would declare
  war on Japan

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• By June of 1944 _______________________
• Operation Overlord
• Spring 1944 ______________________________
• June 6, 1944 _____________________________
• June August 1944 Allied troops move into the
  interior of France
• August 25, 1944 ____________________________
• August 1944 March 1945 Offensive moved into
  Germany
• Allied advance temporarily halted by a desperate
  counteroffensive by the Germans
  ____________________
• Meanwhile, the Soviet Army was liberating
  eastern Europe from Nazi occupation as well

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The War in Europe and North Africa

• March 1945
• Allied armies advancing on Germany from both West
  (British, French, USA) and East (Soviets)
• _________________________________________
• Hitler killed himself in his Berlin bunker on
  April 30, 1945
• ______________________________________________
  ______________________________________________
• Soviet and Allied Troops met at Elbe River
• Remaining German authorities surrendered on ___
  _________________________________________

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The War in The Pacific

• December 7, 1941 Japanese Attack on US Pacific
  Fleet Headquarters at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• USA declared war on Japan on December 8
• __________________________________________________
  ____
• December 1941 Spring 1942 Japan took over
  other parts of SE Asia and Pacific Islands
• __________________________________________________
  __ ______, Several Island groups in the Pacific
  put under Japanese control
• Thailand was forced into an alliance with Japan
• More Chinese territory taken, too
• ____________________________ Japan wanted to
  make it look like they were helping these people
  escape colonialism
• Instead, Japan became the new colonizer

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The War in The Pacific

• The Turning Points
• May 7-8, 1942 ____________________________
• Invasion of Australia prevented
• First Naval battle in the history of naval
  warfare not fought directly by ships, but by
  aircraft launched by ships!
• June 4, 1942 _____________________________
• 4 Japanese aircraft carriers sunk
• Allied Navy gained naval superiority over Japan
• Fall 1942 September 1944 2 Major Operations
• Island Hopping to take islands back, eventually
  take Burma back, and then move into South China
• __________________________________________________
  ___
• __________________________________________________
  _______ _______________________________
• Another island hopping campaign to take islands
  in succession to move within bombing range of
  Japan itself
• August 1942 January 1943 ________________
• November 1943 _____________
• February 1944 __________________
• Summer 1944 ________________________
• September 1944 _____________

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The War in The Pacific

• February 1945
• _________________________
• _________________________
• March 1945 Tokyo Firebombed
• April 1945 Okinawa taken by Allies
• July 1945 _________________________
• Stalin met with two new leaders
• USA __________________________
• GB ________________________
• Major Decision the unconditional surrender of
  Japan

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The War in The Pacific

• The Dilemma
• Japan Refused Surrender What to do?
• _____________________ would probably result in
  millions of deaths of soldiers (on both sides)
  and civilians
• ______________________________________
  technology largely untested
• Atomic Bombs Dropped on Japan
• August 6, 1945 ___________________
• Still no surrender
• August 9, 1945 ___________________
• Japan Surrendered on August 14
• Formal Surrender/Peace Treaty Signed on the
  _________________________ on September 2 (V-J
  Day)

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Part III How War Affected People
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Examples of The War at Home

• In the Soviet Union
• USSR invaded
• Soviets called WWII ______________________________
  ____
• Caused huge resource shortages some people had
  to eat mice or pets
• Huge Military and Industrial Mobilization
  _________________________
• Women played a significant part in both industry
  and the military (as soldiers and pilots)
• In The USA
• Never ________________________________________
• Massive economic mobilization
• _______________________________________
• _______________________________________
• Demographic changes
• Racial Tensions
• _______________________________________
• Japanese-Americans Put into Concentration Camps
  (NOT Death Camps)

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Examples of The War at Home

• In Nazi Germany
• At first, no need to increase production (stuff
  taken from conquered countries)
• Later, after Wars turning points, production had
  to increase a lot
• Women ____________________________________________
  ____
• Civilians had to deal with repeated bombing
  campaigns by Allies
• Firebombing of ________________________were very
  devastating
• In Japan
• Traditional roles of people upheld (under
  guidance of Prime Minister ___________________)
• People honored Emperor and obeyed him and
  government totally
• This should explain Kamikaze pilots actions!
• Women ____________________________________________
  ___
• When Production was to be boosted ? Koreans and
  Chinese people used as slave laborers!

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Atrocities Committed by the Axis Powers

• German Racially-Based Policies
• ______________________Aryan countries (Holland,
  Denmark, Norway, Slovakia) Civilian governments
  run by Nazi sympathizers from these countries
• e.g. Vikdun Quisling in Norway
• _________________________ in conquered areas that
  had inferior races (like France)
• Policies for undesirable races
• _________________________
• _________________________
• The Holocaust/Final Solution genocide

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Atrocities Committed by the Axis Powers

• German Racially-Based Policies
• Policies for undesirable races
• The Holocaust/Final Solution genocide
• Jews put into ghettos in German and
  German-conquered cities
• ____________________ death squads who rounded up
  Jews in the USSR during the German invasion
• Forced Jews to dig their own mass graves and then
  shot them
• Concentration/Death Camps
• Jews, Gypsies, Slavs (Poles, Russians,
  Ukrainians, Byelorussians, etc.) homosexuals, and
  people with physical and mental disabilities
  systematically sent to these camps in railroad
  freight cars
• _______________________________________________
• Some people used as slave laborers
• Most others executed in gas chambers and
  _______________________________________________

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Atrocities Committed by the Axis Powers

• Japanese Policies
• Colonies promised independence under Japanese
  Authority, but in reality each was controlled by
  a Japanese military colonial government
• Native Peoples _______________________________
• Japan took ___________________from the colonies
  to fuel their war efforts
• Promotion of Japanese values and subordination of
  native customs that got in the way of the
  Japanese values
• Many Chinese and Korean peoples and Allied
  prisoners of war ______________________________
• The Rape of Nanking Nanjing

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Part IV Major Effects of the War and the
Beginning of the Cold War
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Major Effects of the War

• ____________________people dead!
• War Crimes Trials for Axis authorities
• Most Famous ones _______________________________
  ____
• Origins of the Cold War
• ______________of February 1945 (Roosevelt,
  Churchill and Stalin met in the USSR right before
  Germany Surrendered)
• Germany to be divided into 4 zones of occupation
• Divisions become the basis for the creation of
  __________________________________________________
  ____
• Soviets allowed to control the eastern part of
  Poland, but Poland would be recreated from some
  parts of German territory
• Eastern Europe Liberated by USSR Stalin
  promised to allow free elections in Eastern
  Europe
• Stalin did not keep his promise from the Yalta
  Conference about free elections and the USSR set
  up puppet governments there
• Threat of ________________________________________
  ___

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Major Effects of the War

• Major Changes in Japan
• Political
• Emperor forced to _____________________
• Diet ? completely representative democratic body
• _____________________________________
• Japan not allowed to have a military (and still
  is not to this day!)
• Economic
• more privatization of ______________________
• Foreign (mostly US) aid helps Japan quickly
  recover and become a major economic powerhouse