Presentaci

1
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OBTAINED IN SMALL WIND
TURBINES TEST PLANT. NEW PROPOSALS FOR THE
MEASUREMENTS
Luis Cano Santa Bárbara CIEMAT-CEDER (Spain)
2

• INDEX
• Background.
• CIEMATs SWT activities.
• National RD Project. (PSE Miniéolica).
• Results.
• Analysis.
• Proposals to the measurements.
• Conclusions.

3

• BACKGROUND
• CIEMATs SWT activities is being carried out
  since 1998.
• Capacities
• Power Performance Test (in accordance with IEC
  61400-121).
• Noise Emission Test (in accordance with IEC
  61400-11).
• Duration Test. (in accordance with IEC 61400-2).
• Safety and Function Test. (in accordance with
  IEC 61400-2).
• SWT Components Test (p.e. Blades, generator,
  etc).
• Other tests interesting for the SWT research.
• Hybrid systems based on Small Wind Turbines.
  Evaluation, study and design control strategies
  (PV-Wind and Wind Diesel systems).

4

• FACILITIES
• Test Facility Phase I, (PEPA I) SWT up to 6
  kW.
• Test Facility Phase II, (PEPA II) SWT up to 20
  kW.
• Test Facility Phase III, (PEPA II) SWT up to
  100 kW. (under construction).
• Blades Test Bench. Nominal length 1 to 10 m.
• Generators Test Bench. Up to 100 kW (under
  construction).
• New building for the study of SWT integration
  in the architecture (under construction).

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• FACILITIES PEPA I

100m Mast
Wind Pumping
Central building
Wind-diesel system

• 100 m height anemometer mast.
• Wind pumping system.
• Wind-diesel system.
• Central building.
• 4 Test positions.

• Battery bank up to 300 V.
• Uninterrupted Monitored System up to 128
  channels.
• Different Loads to simulate consumes.
• Inverters/chargers SWT test versatility.

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• FACILITIES PEPA II

• Inverter Test.
• Study of Isolated Hybrid Systems or connected to
  Weak Grids.
• Possibility of installation, design and
  characterization of new systems based on Wind
  Energy desalination, wind-hydrogen, etc.
• Study of quality of energy in generators
  connected to the grid.
• 5 Test Positions up to 20 kW.

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FACILITIES PEPA III

• Wind Turbines Grid integration.
• Possibility of installation, design and
  characterization of new systems based on Wind
  Energy desalination, wind-hydrogen, etc.
• 8 Test Positions up to 200 kW.

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FACILITIES BLADE TEST BENCH
Blades from 3 to 10 m
Blades from 1 to 3 m

• Static Test.
• Proper Frequencies Study.
• Fatigue Test (under construction).

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FACILITIES GENERATORS TEST BENCH
Control and monitoring system
Electronic Loads
Drive motor
Torque measurement
Small Generator

• Different test to generators in accordance with
  Standards IEC 60034.
• Efficiency.
• Voltage-Current Curves.

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FACILITIES NEW BUILDING
UNDER CONSTRUCTION

• Vibrations and noise.
• Study of the behaviors of SWT on the rooftops.
• Comparison and demonstration of different
  technologies.

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• National RD Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA
• Objective
• Reduce the installed cost of SWT to 1500 /kW.
  (p.e. large series manufacturing, fast blades
  manufacturing process, development of control
  systems, inverters, etc.).
• Energy production cost 10-15 c/kWh with wind
  speed of 5-6 to 10 m/s.
• Increase the SWT reliability to achieve a 90 of
  availability.
• Dynamize the SWT market. Target. 100 MW
  installed in a medium period.
• Establish the certification and homologation
  procedures and centers.
• Rise the Spanish SWT exportations.

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• National RD Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA
• Subprojects in which CIEMAT is involved
• SP 1.2Active yaw power regulation SWT.
• SP 1.3 Development of high performance and low
  cost SWT of 25/50/75 kW, with pitch control and
  variable speed.
• SP 2.1 Design and Evaluation of Rotors.
• SP 2.2 Development of multipurpose systems to
  regulate, control and supervise SWT generation
  systems.
• SP 3.1 Measure and Test all the Spanish
  commercial SWTs.
• SP 3.2 EOLMAP. Spanish Wind Map for SWT
  installers and end users.
• SP 3.6 SWTs Standardization.

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National RD Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA SP 3.1
Measure and Test all the Spanish commercial SWTs.
SWT Power Performance Noise Duration Safety
Bornay 1500/24 On going
Bornay 3000/48 On going
Windeco VENTO 5000/48 On going
Bornay 3000/24 On going - - -
Solener VELTER III On going - - -
Solener VELTER X On going - - -
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National RD Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA Results
Bornay Inclin Neo 1500
HIGH UNCERATINTY
SOME POINTS ARE OUT FIGURE
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National RD Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA Results
Bornay Inclin Neo 3000
DOUBLE REGULATION?
LESS UNCERTAINTY
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National RD Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA Results
WINDECO VENTO 5000
BAD CONTROL STRATEGY
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• National RD Project. PSE- MINIEOLICA
• Analysis
• Significant variations has been detected between
  the measurements obtain and the expected ones
  (above all in the AEP curve).
• Its important to define quite well the
  regulation system in case of active control.
• The results in noise emissions should be better
  in case of a massive installation.
• A vibration analysis could be recommended in
  case of mounting over rooftops.

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• Proposals
• Background
• It seem that the results are nor exactly what
  its expected.
• That could mean, there would be several variables
  dont take into account (p.e. turbulence,
  obstacles, etc).
• AEP Curve is one the most important data for the
  costumers.
• The results in these curves are very uncertain in
  low wind speed.
• The cost of tests are very high for the
  manufacturer.

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• Proposal
• The SWT labeling could be a very good idea for
  the market.
• In this way, it should be necessary international
  initiatives, for example the IEC WG2 for 61400-2
  new edition and IEA Task 27 liaison to get
  better procedures to certificate and labeling
  future SWT.
• Fitting curves in all the tests could be an
  interesting possibility to reduce the cost.
• Noise emission test defined in the IEC 61400-11
  is defined to Wind Farms, not in an urban site
  (p.e.)

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Proposal Fitting curves. One line of work.
Average wind machine power
Electrical power
Weibull probability density
Test obtained
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• Conclusions
• CIEMAT is making significant efforts to promote
  the increase of the reliability of Spanish
  commercial SWT.
• Some new initiatives to produce advanced local
  wind turbines in a range around 100 kW are being
  widely considered.
• It should be needed to focus more investigations
  on the measurements of the SWTs and their
  components.
• Its necessary to develop new tools for the
  manufacturers training.
• The actual measurement procedures should be more
  reliable. An important way for research is
  opened.
• An effort on the standardization and/or labeling
  to carry out a friendly useful output for the end
  user and it should be made in a short period of
  time.

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION
CEDER-CIEMAT LUIS CANO. luis.cano_at_ciemat.es Tel.
34975281013 Ext 324 Autovía A-15. Salida
56 42290 Lubia. SORIA (SPAIN)