Industrial Revolution

1
Industrial Revolution

• Changes brought about when power-driven machinery
  in factories replaced work done in homes

2
Traditional Village Farming

• Unfenced private/public lands
• most Europeans lived in small country villages
  and were farmers before the Industrial Revolution
• wealthy landowners owned/controlled most of land
• small families b/c of high infant death rate
• Low life expectancy (40) - harsh life

3
Domestic System

• 1700s demand for wool increased, so merchants
  hired workers to produce woolens in their homes
• depended on network of workers (men, women
  children)
• This allowed people to have an income outside of
  farming
• Extra money was spent on the goods artisans made

4
Beginning of Change

• Enclosure Movement allowed landowners to take
  over and fence off private and public lands
• Ag. Revolution helps G.B. lead the Industrial
  Revolution
• Successful farming businesses provided landowners
  with money to invest in growing industries

SOTHE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN GREAT
BRITAIN
5
Key Elements G.B. Possessed to lead Industrial
Revolution

• Capital - to invest in labor, machines raw
  materials
• Natural Resources - harbors, rivers, iron, coal
• Large Labor Supply - improvements in farming
  increased food supply and population grew people
  who didnt farm came to cities
• Entrepreneurs - risk takers who started new
  businesses and gave capital (mid upper class)

6
Factory System

• Mechanization - machines are developed to rapidly
  spin and weave (textiles) - 1st water powered,
  then steam powered
• Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin helped meet the demand
  for textiles
• Factory system method of production that
  brought workers machines together under control
  of managers

7
Social Results

• Pollution
• Child labor
• Unsupervised children
• Urbanization - growth of cities
• Women working in factories
• Increase in urban poverty

pollution
8
Lives Change and the Conditions of Factories

• People who worked in factories now had more
  money, but it was a hard life working in
  factories
• Because factories grew so quickly there were
  housing shortages, not enough police to protect,
  garbage college or sanitation
• Hazardous conditions of factories
• Poor pay
• Poor hours
• Poor working conditions

9
Child Labor Urban Poverty
10
The Spread of the Industrial Rev

• France, Germany and the US began to industrialize
  too
• Mass production, interchangeable parts, division
  of labor, scientific management, assembly line ?
  all aided in growth of industry

11
Social Effects Lead to Change

• We now have two classes
• Middle class (factory owners, merchants)
• Working class (factory workers)

• Issue of Child Labor was a hot topic
• Poor factory conditions led to the creation of
  labor unions
• These unions worked to promote change worldwide
  in the 1800s

12
Governments eventually begin to make laws to
protect workers
13
Some Inventors

• Watt - steam engine
• Bessemer - steel from iron
• Whitney - cotton gin interchangeable parts
• Ford - assembly line methods - Model T
• Morse - telegraph

• Marconi - wireless telegraph
• Bell - telephone
• Edison - phonograph incandescent lightbulbs
• Diesel - oil-burning internal combustion engine
• Wright Bros - airplane

14
IMAGES OF CHILD LABOR
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When the industrial revolution first came to
Britain and the U.S., there was a high demand for
labor. Families quickly migrated from the rural
farm areas to the newly industrialized cities to
find work. Once they got there, things did not
look as bright as they did.
16
To survive in even the lowest level of poverty,
families had to have every able member of the
family go to work. This led to the high rise in
child labor in factories. Children were not
treated well, overworked, and underpaid for a
long time before anyone tried to change things
for them.
17
Wages and HoursChildren as young as six years
old during the industrial revolution worked hard
hours for little or no pay. Children sometimes
worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour
total break. This was a little bit on the
extreme, but it was not common for children who
worked in factories to work 12-14 hours with the
same minimal breaks.
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Not only were these children subject to long
hours, but also, they were in horrible
conditions. Large, heavy, and dangerous equipment
was very common for children to be using or
working near. Many accidents occurred injuring or
killing children on the job. Not until the
Factory Act of 1833 did things improve.
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Treatment The treatment of children in
factories was often cruel and unusual, and the
children's safety was generally neglected. The
youngest children, who were not old enough to
work the machines, were commonly sent to be
assistants to textile workers. The people who the
children served would beat them, verbally abuse
them, and take no consideration for their safety.
20
Both boys and girls who worked in factories were
subject to beatings and other harsh forms of pain
infliction. One common punishment for being late
or not working up to quota would be to be
"weighted." An overseer would tie a heavy weight
to worker's neck, and have them walk up and down
the factory aisles so the other children could
see them and "take example." This could last up
to an hour.
21
Weighting could lead to serious injuries in the
back and/or neck. Punishments such as this would
often be dispensed under stringent rules. Boys
were sometimes dragged naked from their beds and
sent to the factories only holding their clothes,
to be put on there. This was to make sure the
boys would not be late, even by a few minutes.
22
In the time of the Industrial Revolution, the
children of the families who moved to the crowded
cities had their work situation go from bad to
worse. In rural areas, children would have worked
long hours with hard work for their families
farms, but in the cities, the children worked
longer hours with harder work for large
companies. Harsher treatment, fewer rewards and
more sickness and injury came from poorly
regulated child labor.
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