War Begins

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War Begins
-Election of 1860 Lincoln elected -Secession of
lower states -Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis President -Firing on Ft.
Sumterbegins Civil War (April 12,
1861) -Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC,
and Tenn. -11 States Leave Union
2
Modern War
-Uses both old and new methods of war -Cavalry,
Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations -Railroads
, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships,
observation balloons Improved communications and
transportation
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Strategy-Union

• -Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan
• developed by Winfield Scott
• Blockade ports
• Split South at Mississippi River
• Capture capital of Richmond
• -divide the south through the Mississippi and
  control access to its ports

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Strategy-Confederacy
-defensive battle defending home! -European
recognition never received
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Advantages-Union
-most of the population more troops -large
advantages in resources more money -most of
the transportation and industry
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Advantages-Confederacy
-defending their homes -strong sectional
pride -better military tradition and
leadership Know the land and accustomed to
climate
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Government Powers
-both sides had to increase central government
powers -raise an army -supply armies -finance
the war -suppress any opposition -Copperheads
N. Democrats that opposed war
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Raising Armies
-Northern Advantage b/c of population -volunteers
at first -drafts begin (conscription) -riots
NY City -bounties paid -substitution
possible -many volunteers
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Supplying Armies
-Union Advantages -Industrial
Capacity -Transportation Capabilities -Financial
Centers Confederate Problems -Foraging the
land -Shortages
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War Politics
-War to Preserve Union -civil rights were
restricted -habeas corpus suspended right to
know why you are being held/arrested -Emancipatio
n Debated Needed higher cause -Emancipation
Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863, freed slaves in
enemy territory
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Others in the War
-African Americans Segregated Forces 54th
Massachusetts -Women Nursing Clara
Barton-American Red Cross, Angel of the
Battlefield
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Soldiers Lives
-disillusionment of war -filthy
conditions -poor food -bad medical
care -prison camps Andersonville CSA prison
camp