Darrell Ernst

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AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY

• Darrell Ernst
• Gerhard Mayer
• February 2005

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Introduction

• WRC Agenda Item 1.5
• The Aeronautical Telemetering Community
• The International Consortium for Telemetry
  Spectrum
• The ICTS Position
• A Video about Flight Testing and Agenda Item 1.5

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WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.5

1. consider the spectrum required to satisfy
   justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry
   requirements and associated telecommand above 3
   GHz
2. review, with a view to upgrading to primary,
   secondary allocations to the mobile service in
   the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the
   implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry
   and associated telecommand
3. consider possible additional allocations to the
   mobile service, including aeronautical mobile, on
   a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz
   for the implementation of wideband aeronautical
   telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into
   account considering d) above
4. designate existing mobile allocations between 16
   and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical telemetry
   and associated telecommand,

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Future Data Rates
Data rate for one vehicle
Prediction is hard, especially about the future
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Implications for the Spectrum
Bandwidth needed for one vehicle
Current B/W Allocation 215
Multiply data rate by efficiency factor for each
modulation type PCM/FM2.4 Hz/bit Tier 1 1.2
Hz/bit Tier 2 0.8 Hz/bit
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Sounding rocket launch sites
Region 1 Kiruna, Sweden Formosa Bay,
Kenya Coronie, Surinam Biscarosse, France Salto
di Quirra, Sardinia Aberporth, Wales Zingst,
Germany Emba, Kazakhstan
Region 3 Anna Plains, Australia Chandapore,
India Sonmiani, Pakistan Chiu Peng, Taiwan Shuang
Chenghzi, China Changwon, S.Korea Malute,
Pakistan Wake, Marshall Islands
Region 2 Tortuguero, Puerto Rico Punta Lobos,
Peru Ft.Yukon, Alaska Nanoose Bay, Canada Mar
Chiquita, Argentina Wallops, USA Stromfjord,
Greenland Poker Flat, Alaska
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Science Missions Requiring Wideband TM

• Existing LEO-satellite data collection platforms
  only for narrow band data transmission (e.g.
  Argos, Orbcomm) available
• Onboard storage capacity limited by space and
  weight, data compression reduction of science
  data onboard critical
• Data required on ground mostly in near-realtime
• Therefore
• High-resolution science instruments, like imaging
  sensors, spectrometers, carried as Balloon,
  Sounding Rocket or UAV- payload need wideband
  telemetry links to fulfill their future missions

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Telemetry Inevitable in Global Missions

• Platforms on balloon, sounding rocket and UAV
  required for In-situ-measurements calibration
  of satellite and groundborne instruments
• Examples of important disciplines
• Geophysics
• Atmosphere, Land , Sea, Ice Research
• Biology
• Animal behaviour wildlife research
• Remote Medical Supervision
• patient monitoring e.g. at expeditions (bush
  telemetry)

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Science and Telemetry Goes Global

• Local changes of environmental parameters have a
  world-wide impact
• Wide-area telemetry networks needed to collect
  data from e.g. remote field stations, balloons,
  buoys, sounding rockets, UAV
• Specific ranges for launching, science
  observations and data collection worldwide
  available

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ICTS MISSION
To Ensure the Future Availability of
Electromagnetic Spectrum for Telemetering
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www.telemetry.org
D. Holtmeyer
Region II (Americas) Coordinator M. Ryan
vrcrouch_at_bold.net.au
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Time for the Cinema!
Aeronautical Telemetry
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What is Telemetry?

• Telemetry The process of measuring at a
  distance.
• Aeronautical telemetry The process of making
  measurements on an aeronautical vehicle and
  sending those measurements to a distant location
  for analysis

Vibrations
Velocities
Temperatures
Flows
Pressures
If it is ORANGE it is flight test measurement
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End Slide
THANK YOU!
Questions?
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Current Band Allocations
XPermitted GGovernment Only NGNon-Government
Only
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Current Band Allocations (Concluded)
XPermitted GGovernment Only NGNon-Government
Only
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Spectrum Encroachment
WARC 92 US Alternative
BBA 97
2200-2390 MHz Manned and Unmanned Vehicle (S
Band) Telemetry
OBRA 93 BBA 97
WARC 92
Terrestrial DAB (Canada), CARIBSS, MediaStar
1435-1525 MHz Manned Vehicle (L Band) Telemetry
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TELEMETERING APPLICATIONS

• The use of telemetry spectrum is common to many
  different nations and many purposes
• National defense
• Commercial aerospace industry
• Space applications
• Scientific research
• The primary telemetering applications represented
  by ICTS are
• Range and range support systems
• Land mobile
• Sea ranges
• Air ranges
• Space-based telemetry systems
• Meteorological telemetry

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ICTS SOCIETAL MEMBERSHIP

• Aero-Sensing
• Aerospace and Flight Test Radio Coordination
  Council
• Aerospatiale Airbus
• Airbus
• Australian Department of Defence
• Boeing Company
• British Aerospace
• Dassault Aviation
• Eurocopter
• European Telemetering Standardization Committee
• French Department of Defense
• German Society of Telemetering
• IN SNEC
• MITRE Corporation
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  (NASA)
• New Mexico State University
• Sandia National Laboratories
• SEE

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Techniques for Mitigating Spectrum Growth
Technique Potential Gain Limitations
Command Link Significant reduction of data quantities Receiver volume power, duration of test
Networking Reduce channel inefficiencies Destructive short duration tests
On-Board Processing Significant reduction of transmitted data Unexpected events
Data Compression Potential to reduce amount of transmitted data Link layer compression has no advantage
On-Board Recording Off-loading of data not needed real-time No data if platform does not return to ground intact
Modeling and Simulation (MS) Reduced flight data collection Validity and accuracy of MS
In-Band Telemetry No independent telemetry link Data link not always available
Real Time Spectrum Management Efficient use of available spectrum Predictable behavior of algorithms has not been verified
On-Board Test Engineer Reduce data transmission to ground Only feasible on large manned aircraft
Directional Transmit Antenna Increased signal strength, spectrum reuse Volume, cost of antenna
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Res 230 AI 1.5
RESOLUTION COM7/5 (WRC-03) Consideration of
mobile allocations for use by wideband
aeronautical telemetry and associated
telecommand The World Radiocommunication
Conference (Geneva, 2003) Considering a) that
there is a need to provide global spectrum to the
mobile service for wideband aeronautical
telemetry systems b) that there is an identified
need for additional spectrum required to meet
future wideband aeronautical telemetry
demands c) that there is also a need to
accommodate telecommand operations associated
with aeronautical telemetry that there is a need
to protect existing services, Noting a) that a
number of bands between 3 GHz and 30 GHz are
already allocated to the mobile service, without
excluding the aeronautical mobile service, on a
secondary basis that any spectrum allocated to
the mobile service above 3 GHz (to include
aeronautical telemetry) is not a substitution for
existing allocations used for aeronautical
telemetry purposes below 3 GHz, the requirement
for which will continue, Recognizing a) that
there are emerging telemetry systems with large
data transfer requirements to support testing of
commercial aircraft and other airframes b) that
the future technologies and performance
expectations for airborne platforms contemplate a
need for real-time monitoring of large data
systems with multiple video streams (including
high-definition video), high-definition sensors,
and integrated high-speed avionics c) that the
2000 Radiocommunication Assembly approved
Question ITU-R 231/8, titled "Operation of
wideband aeronautical telemetry in bands above 3
GHz", with the target date of 2005 d) that those
studies will provide a basis for considering
regulatory changes, including additional
allocations and recommendations, designed to
accommodate justified spectrum requirements of
aeronautical mobile telemetry consistent with the
protection of incumbent services, Resolves that
WRC-07/a future competent conference be invited
to 1 consider the spectrum required to satisfy
justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry
requirements and associated telecommand above 3
GHz 2 review, with a view to upgrading to
primary, secondary allocations to the mobile
service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the
implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry
and associated telecommand 3 consider possible
additional allocations to the mobile service,
including aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis
in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the
implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry
and associated telecommand, taking into account
considering d) above designate existing mobile
allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband
aeronautical telemetry and associated
telecommand, invites ITU-R to conduct, as a
matter of urgency, studies to facilitate sharing
between aeronautical mobile telemetry and the
associated telecommand, on the one hand, and
existing services, on the other hand, taking into
account the resolves above. ADD COM7/353/7 (B13/36
1/7)
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