Ernst Mayr (1904~)

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??????????????????????????,????????,?????????,??
???????15??????????? Ernst Mayr (1904)
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DNA???The Story of DNA
? 14 ?
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?14? DNA??????

• ??????

• ????

• ?????

• ????

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??????

• ????

• ?????

• ????

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???(??)Friedrich Miescher (1844-1895)

• ????????????

• 20??? ??????????????

• ?????????(?????????), ????, ????

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??(??)Phoebus A.T. Levene(1869-1940)

• 1920?? ?????????

• RNA(????)

• DNA(??????, ?RNA?????????)

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??? ???????

??
??
????
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????????

??
??
?
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ATCG
ATCG
ATCG
ATCG

• 1929? DNA?????????????????

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???amino acids ???????

• ??????????????

• ????????(NH2)???????, ?????????(COOH)????OH??,
  ???????

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• 1868? ???(T. H. Huxley, 18251895)
• ????????????

• ???? ??????????,DNA????????????????????

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19301940s DNA???????50??100?, ??????????

• DNA????
• ?????????

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????

• ??????

• ?????

• ????

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???? (??)Fredrick Griffith, 18771941

•   1928?
• ?????????????????????????????,?????????????????

• R?(???,??) ??(????)
• S?(???,??) ??(????)

• ??S???R? ???S?

• S????????? R? ?S?

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Oswald T. Avery 18771955

• 1944?
• ?????DNA????????????

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???(??)Oswald Avery 18771955

• ???? ??????????????

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?????(?) Max Delbrück (??)19061981
???(??) Salvador Luria 1912

• 19381952
• ?????

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???(???)Erwin Chargaff 1905

• 1950? ????
• ???A????T
• ???G???C

• ????????DNA
• ????? ?????

• ????????????????????

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???-?? ??
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???Alfred Hershey19081997

• ????DNA?????????????

• DNA???????????

?? Martha Chase 1927
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?????

• ??????

• ????

• ????

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??????

• ???????

• ???????(???)

• ????????????????(???)

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??(??)Linus Pauline, 19011994
??????????????
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????(??)Rosalind Franklin19201958
????(??) Maurice Wilkins,1916
?????????????
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???(??)Lawrence Bragg18901971

• ?????

• ??????????X?????

• DNA????? ????????
• ???? ??????????
• ???? ???????????????????

??(??) Linus Pauline 19011994
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???????-?????
???
??
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???(???)Erwin Schrodinger18871961
1944? ??????
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???(??)Francis Crick 1916

• ????????? ????????,??????????,????????????

• ??? ??????????

• 1949? ???????

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??(??)James D. Watson, 1929

• 1948?
• ??????

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?????(??)Max Delbrück,19061981

• 1948????????????,????????????????

• 1950?,????
• ???????????????????????

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??(??)James D. Watson, 1929

• 1951?5?
• ????
• ????
• DNA?X???????
• DNA?????

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1952?7?, ???????

• 1952?6?, ????(John Griffith) ????????????
• ??? ???????????

• ??? ????????????DNA???????

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• ????1952???????DNA?X????(51?)

• ?? ?????????????????????????????

• X???????????????DNA??????? ?-????????NDA?????

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• 1953.2.20
• ??? ????
• ?? ??????

???(??) Jerry Donohue,19201985
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??????
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• Nature
• 1953?4?25?
• A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

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DNA??

• DNA?????????????????????

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1958? ??????????????????????????DNA????????

Matthew Meselson 1930
Franklin W. Stahl 1929
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???

• ???????

• ???????(???)

• ????????????????(???)

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????

• ??????

• ????

• ?????

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1954? ???????????????????????

• DNA ????(A?G?C?T)
• ??? 20????

• ???? ????????????????????????

???(??)George Gamow 19041968

• ??? ???????????

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1957 ?????? ???? Central dogma

???
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F. Jacob, 1920
J. Monod, 19101976

• 1960?4??? ??????????, ????RNA???DNA????

• 1960?? ????RNA(mRNA)

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???(??)Severo Ochoa 1905-1993

• ????????
• ??????

• AAAAAA
• Poly-A

• Poly-C (CCCC)
• Poly-G (GGGG)
• Poly-U (UUUU)

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????(??)Marshall Nirenberg 1927

• mRNA poly-U (UUUU)

• ???????(????)????
• phe.phe .phe .phe . (poly-phe)

• Poly-U ????poly-phe

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1962????????
James Watson
John Kendrew
Francis Crick
John Steinbeck
Max Perutz
Maurice Wilkins
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S. Brenner, 1927

• 19551956? ???????
• 1952??????????(A. Dounce)

• ???????????????,???????????????,???????????????
  

F. Crick, 1916
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???(??)Har Gobind Khorana,1922

• 1966? ??????

??(??)Robert Holley, 1922-1993
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???? Genetic code

• 1963? 20?????????????

UUU????(Phe)
GAU????(Asp)
??? AGG AUG????(Met)
??? UAAUAGUGA

• 1966? 64????????????

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?????

• UGG
• ???Trp

• UUU
• ????Phe

• GGC
• ???Gly

• UCA
• ???Ser

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?????2
???
tRNA
???
???
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1968????????
???
??
????
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The End