Islam

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Expansion of Islam

• Islam rose among the peoples of the Arabian
  peninsula in the early 7c.
• The Arabs were a population of nomadic herdsmen
  and caravan merchants traversing the Arabian
  desert and controlling its coasts.
• The Mediterranean, once ruled by Byzantium, and
  the Middle East, dominated by Persia, were
  conquered by the armies of Islam.
• By the mid 7c. Islamic control spread from India
  to North Africa to Spain

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Religion of Islam

• Mohammad founder of Islam
• Allah one and only God
• Mecca holy city to Muslims, City of the
  Prophet Mohammad
• Muslims one who is a believer in Islam
• Koran (Quran) the sacred book of Islam
• The essential meaning of Islam is acceptance of
  and submission to the will of Allah.
• Living according to the rules set down in the
  revelations communicated to Mohammad in the
  Koran.
• Yield there will to the will of Allah
• Pray 3-5 times a day bowed in the direction of
  Mecca
• Give alms to the poor
• Fast during the month of Ramadan
• Once in a lifetime, make pilgrimage to Mecca
• Islam drew much from Judaism and Christianity
• Islam accepted much of the revelation of the Old
  Testament
• Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus were acknowledged
  as prophetic predecessors of Mohammad

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Islamic Art

• 2 major architectural forms were the mosque and
  the palace
• No figurative art
• Themes include
• 1. decorative geometric
  brickwork
• 2. calligraphy
• 3. plant and animal motifs
• 4. honeycomb pattern
• Borrowed and transformed principles of design,
  construction and ornamentation from Byzantium and
  the Middle East

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Dome of the RockIslamic
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Interior of the Dome of the Rock
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Mosque of Cordoba (La Mezquita)Spain
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East wall of the mosque
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Courtyard
Minaret turned into a bell tower
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Horseshoe arches in the mosque
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Scalloped arches in the mosque
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quibla wall and mihrab
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Dome above mihrab
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• Mosque transformed
• into a Cathedral

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Cathedral in La Mezquita
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The AlhambraGranada, Spain
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Palace of Charles V
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The Alcazaba was the fortress which acted as
military headquarters for the Nasrid dynasty. It
was built on the highest point of the hill to
defend the royal family and house their army. The
original construction had 24 towers but only a
few remain.
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Nasrid Palace
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Court of the Myrtles
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The Generalife
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Court of the Lions
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Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan
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Taj Mahal
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Tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal
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