Islam notes

1
Islam notes
2
Pre-Islam the Arabian Peninsula

• People
• Klan/tribe life was very important b/c of desert
• Mecca (city)
• trade center
• Kaabaa building that contained statues of over
  360 deities (idol worship)
• people traveled on pilgrimages to Mecca to visit
  the Kaaba
• they brought wealth

3
Mecca pre-Islam
4
The Life of Muhammad570-632

• Born in Mecca married his boss at age 25 (she
  was wealthy)
• 610 C.E.The Night of Powerhe experienced a
  revelation (vision)
• His teachings only one God that all must
  worship
• Most Meccans persecuted him (afraid would lose )
• Muhammad fled to Medina

5

• Muslims eventually returned and defeated the
  Meccans and won support
• Muslims entered Meccadestroyed idols in the
  Kaabaturned it into a sanctuary believed to be
  built by Abraham
• Muhammad was the last and greatest of the prophets

6
Connection Between Islam and Judaism
Abraham
Sarah
Hagar
Ishmael
Isaac
Islam/Arabs
Jews/Hebrews
7
Beliefs of Islam

• Quran (Koran) holy book
• Mecca most holy city/Medina 2nd most
  holy/Jerusalem 3rd most holy
• Mosque place of worship
• No symbols of God or pictures of living things
  inside (to help focus on God)

8
Kaaba
9
Dome of the Rock
10
Beliefs about Christianity

• Jesus was a prophet of God, not God incarnate
• He was not crucified God would not have one of
  His prophets killed
• Islam is a continuation of Judaism and
  Christianity (called them people of the book)

11
Five Pillars of Islam

1. There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his
   prophet
2. Pray 5 times a day (facing Mecca)
3. Charity or alms
4. Fasting during month of Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Split in Isam

• caliph successorafter Muhammad died, a caliph
  was designated to spread Islam
• Division in Islam
• Shia (Shiite or Shii) caliphs must be a
  relative of Muhammad (minority of Muslims today)
• Sunni didnt have to be a relative of Muhammad
  to be caliph (majority of Muslims today)
• (btwthe Islamic world today is not unified like
  it used to beno caliphs since 1258)

15
Umayyad Empire (661-750)

• Capital Damascus
• Expanded empire
• Battle of Tours 732 C.E.Christians in France
  defeated the Muslimsstopped the spread of Islam
  into W. Europe

16
Abbasid Empire (750-1258)

• Abbasid leaders take over Umayyad Empirenew
  Islamic gov.
• Move capital to Baghdadon key trade route
• Fought Christians during the Crusades

17
Advancements

• House of Wisdom in Baghdadlibrary, academy, and
  translation center
• Math algebraic and geometric theories
• Arabic numerals (originally from India)
• Astronomy chemistry
• Worlds best maps at time
• Medicine formal examinations and regular courses
  of study for doctors
• worlds best hospitals

18
Byzantine, Islam, Russia 1000 C.E.