Islam

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Islam the Prophet Muhammad
2
Founder Muhammad

• while meditating in a cave he saw a vision of the
  angel Gabriel who told him to proclaim
• Muhammad spent his life spreading the word of
  Islam

3
Mecca in 570 AD

• It was an agricultural center of the Arab World
• Nomad Arabs were called Bedouins
• Mecca was ruled by the major clans of the citys
  population
• Mecca would become the center of Islamic faith

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Islam To Submit

• Born in the Arabian Desert
• The Prophet is Muhammad
• The Quran was given to Muhammad by Allah
• Similar stories to Bible
• Values
• Honor parents
• Protect orphans and widows
• Generosity
• No gambling, drinking, or eating pork
• Laws do not separate church and state
• Based on Quran and Hadith (Muhammads sayings)
• Covers marriage, divorce, family, property, and
  business

KaabaIslams holiest Shrine
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Where?

• Arabian Peninsulathis was a crossroads for trade
• Important cities are Mecca and Medina

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Hijra

• In 622 Muhammad fled Mecca and went to
  Medinahere he found many supporters
• 622 became the 1st year of the Muslim calendar

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Basic Beliefs

• Monotheistic
• One, all powerful, compassionate God
• Allah is the Arabic word for God

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Five Pillars of Islam
Dome of the Rock

• Declaration of Faith
• Prayer (5 x a day)
• Fasting (Ramadan)
• Charity
• Pilgrimage

Built upon the site where Abraham offered Isaac
as a sacrifice Muhammad rose to heaven to learn
of Gods will
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Sacred Book

• Quran (also spelled Koran)
• Says that each person is responsible for their
  actions
• Each person will stand before God and be judged
  and will either go to heaven or hell
• The Quran is the final authority on all
  matters?stresses honesty, social justice, and
  generosity
• There is no separation between the church and
  state

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Islamic Terms

• Muezzin- Crier
• Minaret- slender tower from which prayers are
  called.
• Mosque-house of prayer
• Imam-prayer leader(Shia)
• Hajj-pilgrimmage to Mecca
• Shariah-Islamic law (combo)
• Jihad-holy struggle

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Sharia

• Body of law that interpreted the Quran and
  applied its teachings to daily life
• Regulates moral conduct, family life, business
  practices, govt, and community
• Does not separate religious matters from criminal
  or civil law?religion and govt are connected

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People of the Book

• Muslims, Jews and Christians all believe in the
  same God

3 Branches of Islam

• Sunni (86 of Muslims)
• Shiites
• Sufi

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Cultural and Scientific Advancements

• Arabic alphabet/language
• Arabic numbers
• Universities
• Algebra
• Medicine
• Expansion of geographic knowledge