Classification

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Classification
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MRS C GREN

• Living organisms are able to perform all of MRS C
  GREN and non living cannot.

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• M
• R
• S
• C
• G
• R
• E
• N

• movement
• reproduction
• sensing
• circulation
• growth
• respiration
• excretion
• nutrition

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• Movement is action carried out by a living
  organism e.g. a flower opening or a horse walking

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• Reproduction is the ability of living organisms
  to make offspring which are similar to the parents

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• Sensing is the detection and response to changes
  in the environment

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• Circulation is the movement of substances (food,
  gases, waste) within an organism

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• Growth is change in an organism over time

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• Respiration is the use of energy from food
  molecules

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• Excretion is the removal of waste produced by the
  organism

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• Nutrition is making or getting food inside an
  organism

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Differences between plants and animals

• Animals
• Are usually mobile and able to move limbs quickly
• Obtain energy by eating other organisms

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• Have a nervous system and brain
• Have well developed sense organs

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• Plants
• Usually fixed or floating, can move some parts
  slowly
• Make their own food using light

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• Have no nervous system or brain
• Have no special sense organs

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Grouping living things

• There are trillions of living organisms on Earth.
• They are sorted into smaller groups called
  species. The organisms in a species have common
  structures and behaviours and can breed together
  to make fertile offspring.

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• Dogs of different breeds look very different but
  they can all mate and produce fertile puppies.
  All dogs belong to one species.

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• Horses and donkeys look and behave similarly and
  they can mate to produce offspring called mules.
  Mules are infertile therefore horses and donkeys
  are different species.

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• So far scientists have identified about two
  million species. This is still a large number so
  closely related species are grouped into a genus.
• Similar genera are grouped into a family.
• Similar families are grouped into an order.

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• Similar orders are grouped into a class.
• Similar classes are grouped into a phylum.
• And similar phyla are grouped into kingdoms.
• There are five living kingdoms.

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The Five Living Kingdoms
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The Five Living Kingdoms

• Animal Kingdom
• Plant Kingdom
• Fungi Kingdom
• Protista Kingdom
• Monera Kingdom

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Animal Kingdom

• Multicellular with a nucleus
• Moving bodies and parts
• Eat other organisms for food

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Animal Kingdom
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Plant Kingdom

• Multicellular with a nucleus
• Immobile but have moving parts
• Make their own food

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Fungi Kingdom

• Multicellular with a nucleus
• Immobile
• Eat other organisms for food (external digestion)

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Protista Kingdom

• Single celled organisms with a nucleus
• Mobile
• Some eat other cells
• Some make own food (algae)

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Monera Kingdom (Bacteria)

• Single celled with no nucleus
• Some are mobile
• Have a range of different feeding methods

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Binomial naming system

• Every species is given a unique species name to
  avoid confusion. This name has two parts and is
  given in Latin.
• For example, pine trees are named Pinus radiata
  and people are called Homo sapiens

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Find out the common name of these NZ organisms

• Diomeda epomophora Royal Albatross
• Agathis australis Kauri
• Ninox novaeseelandiae Morepork

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Find out the common name of these NZ organisms

• Cordyline australis Cabbage Tree (Ti Kouka)
• Podocarpus totara Totara
• Apteryx australis Brown Kiwi

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Dichotomous key

• Keys are used to identify unknown objects or put
  them into groups.
• A dichotomous key has a series of questions which
  have two alternative answers.

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• They can take up a lot of room!

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• A dichotomous key to identify a duck, a hen, a
  lizard and a snake

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Classifying animals
All animals
Animals with backbones
Animals without backbones
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Write the group to which each animal belongs.
                                                                                               
Sample Dichotomous KeyI. Body covering     A. not covered with hair or feathers - go to II     B. covered with hair or feathers - go to IIIII.  Skin Texture     A. smooth - Amphibian     B.  scaly - ReptileIII. Skin Features     A. covered with feathers - Aves      B. covered with hair - Mammal Sample Dichotomous KeyI. Body covering     A. not covered with hair or feathers - go to II     B. covered with hair or feathers - go to IIIII.  Skin Texture     A. smooth - Amphibian     B.  scaly - ReptileIII. Skin Features     A. covered with feathers - Aves      B. covered with hair - Mammal Sample Dichotomous KeyI. Body covering     A. not covered with hair or feathers - go to II     B. covered with hair or feathers - go to IIIII.  Skin Texture     A. smooth - Amphibian     B.  scaly - ReptileIII. Skin Features     A. covered with feathers - Aves      B. covered with hair - Mammal Sample Dichotomous KeyI. Body covering     A. not covered with hair or feathers - go to II     B. covered with hair or feathers - go to IIIII.  Skin Texture     A. smooth - Amphibian     B.  scaly - ReptileIII. Skin Features     A. covered with feathers - Aves      B. covered with hair - Mammal
Mammal
Amphibian
Reptile
Aves
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Construct a dichotomous key

• Construct your own dichotomous key to classify
  the contents of your pencil case.

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Dichotomous key for stationery 1a. Item made of
at least some metal???????.go to 2 1b. Item
does not contain any metal??...............??go
to 6   2a. Item used as writing
instrument?????..??go to 3 2b. Item not used as
writing instrument????...?..go to 4   3a. Item
writes with ink?????...............????ballpoint
pen 3b. Item writes with carbon?????..?..........
.....?pencil   4a. Item has sharp cutting
edge?????...............?scissors 4b. Item does
not have a sharp, cutting edge?..............go
to 5   5a. Item has a sharp, pointed
end???............???thumb tack 5b. Item does
not have a sharp, pointed end??.....?..paper
clip   6a. Item is hard?????..........????????.g
o to 7 6b. Item is not hard ?????..........??????
..rubber band   7a. Item is numbered in equal
divisions???.....??ruler 7b. Item not numbered
in equal divisions??..........?go to 8   8a.
Item can write on paper????..............???..penc
il 8b. Item can't write on paper???..............
..........?..go to 9   9a. Item has a sticky,
central core?????....??..glue stick 9b. Item
does not have a sticky, central
core?.......?..eraser