Ancient Greece

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Ancient Greece

• 500-323 B.C.E.

2
Geography

• Greece is a peninsula about the size of Louisiana
  in the Mediterranean Sea.
• Its very close to Egypt, the Persian empire
  (includes Turkey) and Rome.

3
Greek geography

• Greece is mountainous
• Greek communities often times developed
  independently because of the mountains, thus they
  were diverse
• As a result, they fought each other a lot.

4
Technology results from necessity

• Since Greek coastal cities were sandwiched
  between the ocean and the sea, they developed an
  awesome navy for trading and fighting.

Greek fighting ship Galley
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Technology results from scarcity

• All cities need fresh water. This is a Greek
  aqueduct, basically a brick water pipe.
• The first aqueduct was Assyrian, but most ancient
  societies had them.

6
Terracing saves water and soil in mountainous
environments
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Greek Inventions

• The Greeks invented dice.

8
The Greeks were the original Olympiads. Their
scientists studied the best way to perform sports
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Greek Invention

• The Greeks invented the crane.

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Greek Architecture

• Greeks invented arches and columns.
• This obviously took advanced mathematics.

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More Greek Architecture
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Greek Military

• This is a catapult, a Greek invention.
• It could throw 300 pound stones at walls and
  buildings

13
Greek Military

• This is a phalanx.
• Soldiers get in a tight box. They each have a
  large shield and a 9 foot long spear.

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Flamethrower!!!!!
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Greek religion was polytheistic.
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Aphrodite The sensual goddess of beauty
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Ares The bloodthirsty god of War
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Athena The sophisticated goddess of Wisdom and
Art
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Apollo The youthful god of the Sun and Music
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Artemis The wild goddess of the Hunt
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Dionysus The joyful god of wine and pleasure
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Hera The mature goddess of the Family
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Hades The gloomy god of the Underworld
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Poseidon The moody god of the Seas
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Quick list of Greek GODS!
Zeus The heavenly King of the Gods
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Direct participation was the key to Athenian
democracy. In the Assembly, every male citizen
was not only entitled to attend as often as he
pleased but also had the right to debate, offer
amendments, and vote on proposals. Every man had
a say in whether to declare war or stay in peace.
Basically any thing that required a government
decision, all male citizens were allowed to
participate in.
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Political terms

• All of Greece wasnt a democracy.
• Most of Greece was a monarchy a type of
  government ruled by a king or queen.
• At right is Pericles, a good king of Athens.

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Sparta

• Sparta was an isolated city-state that was
  culturally and politically different from Athens.
• Sparta was an oligarchy, government ruled by a
  few. They had 2 kings.
• During the Peloponnesian Sparta sacked Athens.

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Sparta

• Spartan society was obsessed with war.
• Boys were sent to military school at age 7.
• Boys who are born deformed are left to die on
  mountainsides

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THIS IS SPARTA!!

• At age 20, Spartan men had to pass a series of
  tests of physical and leadership abilities. Those
  that passed became members of the Spartan
  military, and lived in barracks with the other
  soldiers.
• ?They were allowed to take a wife, but they
  weren't allowed to live with her. At age 30, they
  became full citizens of Sparta, provided they had
  served honorably. They were required to continue
  serving the military, however, until age 60

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Spartan Women

• Somewhat ironically, women in Sparta had much
  more independence than women in other
  city-states, partially because their husbands
  never lived at home, and partially because
  Spartans had tremendous respect for Spartan
  mothers.
• Spartan woman were REQUIRED to stay physically
  fit.

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Social Classes

• Spartans were either Perioeci (citizens who paid
  taxes, served in the army and were protected by
  Spartan laws) or Helots (people from lands
  conquered and ruled by Sparta
• ?The top class or true Spartans ruled and were
  the wealthiest
• ?The middle class was made of merchants and
  businessmen
• ?The largest class was that of the Helots

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HELOTS

• Spartan citizens were given land which was farmed
  for them by the Helots.
• ?The Helots were treated as serfs (slaves) and
  had to give half their crops to their Spartan
  master.

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Athens

• Athenians were tough but were encouraged to
  engage in activities like art, philosophy, music.

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Athens Education

• The primary purpose of Athenian education was to
  produce thinkers, people well-trained in arts and
  sciences, people prepared for peace or war.
• ?Young Athenian boys were tutored at home until
  the age of six or seven, and then they were sent
  to neighborhood schools for primary education
  until they were 14 years of age.
• ?These schools were usually private schools, but
  tuition costs were low enough that even most poor
  Athenians could afford to send their boys to
  school for at least a few years

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Athenian Education Cont

• During primary school, younger boys learned how
  to play ball games, while older boys were taught
  more military-type activities, such as running,
  boxing, and wrestling.
• ?All Athenian boys were expected to read heavily,
  because literature played a very important part
  in their education. The national epic poems,
  Homer's Illiad and Odyssey, were mandatory
  teaching in all Athenian elementary schools.

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Socrates

• Insisted that morality was part of philosophy
• ?He emphasized asking questions, and having his
  students examine their own beliefs
• ?The Athenians thought he caused too much trouble
  by having his students question the gods
• ?The Athenians gave him the option between exile
  or death. He chose to take his own life by
  drinking hemlock, a poison

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Plato

• Socrates inspired Plato, one of his students.
• ?Wrote more than 30 works of his philosophy
  called Dialogues
• ?He recognized that the invisible things in
  nature all had order and purpose

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Aristotle

• Wrote much on Ethics
• Thought that all knowledge was not innate but
  learned through a process
• Agreed to the idea of order and purpose in the
  universe

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Athenian Government

• Athens government frequently changed. The move
  towards democracy started with Solon
• ?He was an aristocrat who introduced democratic
  principles to Athenian government
• ?His laws gave all free adult males the right to
  participate in the assembly
• ?The assembly voted on new legislation and other
  major decisions
• WELCOME DEMOCRACY

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Greatest Leader

• PERICLES.King of Athens
• An aristocrat who brought democracy to its full
  measure
• ?He made it possible for the poor to still be
  politically active
• ?He asked for fees to be paid for those who
  serviced politically

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Athens Govt

• Freedom to
• Have a say in public business
• Live a private life without interferences
• Rise, by ones own merits, from poverty and
  obscurity to renown and wealth
• Athenians used their freedom to freely
• Obeyed the laws and authorities
• Refrained from injuring one another
• Displayed valor to defend their city

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Athenian Military

• This is a hoplite, a Greek infantry soldier.
• Hoplites were middle-class freemen who had to pay
  for their own weapon and shield.

44
Alexander the Great

• Alexander was not from Athens, but Macedonia.
• Alexander was a brilliant military strategist.
• His favorite book was Homers Iliad

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Alexander conquered the Persian empire and
controlled the largest empire the world has ever
seen.
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• What happens when cultures collide?

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Alexander spread Hellenistic culture throughout
Asia.

• Hellenistic is a fancy word for Greek.
• Alexander spread Greek technology and ideas
  throughout his empire

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The Roman Coliseum has a strong Hellenistic
influence.
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What buildings in the USA have a Hellenistic
influence?
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Lincoln Memorial
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Any questions before the quiz?
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Greece Quiz

• 1.What is Greeces political contribution to the
  political world (especially the United States)?
• 2. How did geography influence Greeces economy
  and military technology?
• 3. How did Hellenistic ideas spread throughout
  Asia?
• 4. Describe an example of how necessity brings
  about technological change.
• 5. Define monarchy
• 6. Define oligarchy

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