The 2nd Half of the Civil War

1
The 2nd Half of the Civil War

• Gettysburg through Lincolns Assassination

2
Politics in the South

• Draft
• Southerners were not reenlisting
• General Lee pushes for a draft required
  military service
• April 1862, Confederate Congress passes first
  draft law
• White men from 18 to 35 required three year
  service
• Exceptions
• Owners of more than 20 slaves
• Southerners wealthy enough to hire a substitute
• States Rights
• Seeking help from Europe

3
Politics in the North

• Tensions with Great Britain
• Republicans in control
• Financial Measures
• 1861, first federal income tax
• Greenbacks
• Emergency Wartime Actions
• Martial Law
• Draft
• Opposition to the War
• Riots protesting draft
• Copperheads
• Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus

4
Emancipation and the War

• Lincoln and slavery
• Originally only wanted to preserve the Union
• Did not think he had the right to abolish slavery
• Ending slavery became a war strategy
• The Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863, slaves in areas of rebellion
  against the government would be free
• Reaction to the Proclamation

5
African Americans Fight

• Contraband
• Slaves became property of the Union government
• Government then freed them
• African American Soldiers
• Gained ability to fight after the proclamation
• Originally in all black regiments under a white
  officer

6
The Hardships of War

• Southern Economy
• Food production declines
• Planters refused to stop growing cotton
• Industry increased
• Inflation
• Northern Economy
• Most northern industries were helped by the war
• Women fill jobs
• Profiteering

• Prison Camps
• Andersonville, Georgia
• Medical Conditions
• Attempt to curve disease
• Disease killed most of the people who died in the
  war
• Clara Barton
• Creates the Red Cross
• The United States Sanitary Commission

7
Gettysburg

• July 1
• Union takes position along Cemetery Ridge
• Confederacy takes position along Seminary Ridge
• July 2
• Longstreet slow to attack, Meade gets reinforced
• Little Round Top Joshua Chamberlain, bayonets
• July 3
• Lee orders a direct assault on the center of the
  line
• Picketts Charge

8
Results of Gettysburg

• Union
• 23,000 casualties
• Confederates
• 28,000 casualties
• July 4th, Confederates retreat
• No other invasions of North

9
Vicksburg

• Grant makes unsuccessful attempts between
  December 1862 and April 1863
• Grant moves around Vicksburg and comes in from
  the east
• The Siege of Vicksburg
• Confederates give up on July 4th
• Cut South in Half!

10
The Gettysburg Address

• November 19, 1863
• Edward Everett speaks
• Lincoln speaks
• New definition of the United States

11
Grant Takes Command

• March 1864, Lincoln gives Grant full control of
  the Union army
• Grant places William Tecumseh Sherman in control
  in the west
• Battle of the Wilderness
• Battle of Spotsylvania
• Battle of Cold Harbor
• The Siege of Petersburg

12
Sherman in Georgia

• Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
• President Davis replaces Johnston with James Hood
• Atlanta taken
• Shermans March to the Sea

13
Election of 1864

• Lincoln fears losing
• Andrew Johnson named Vice-President candidate
• Democrat from Tennessee
• Democrats nominate George McClellan
• With Sherman taking Atlanta, Lincoln easily wins
• Thirteenth Amendment
• Passed in February of 1865 and ratified on
  December 6, 1865
• Ended slavery in the U.S.

14
End of the War

• Grant controls Richmond
• Sherman begins to move north
• Destroys South Carolina
• Appomattox Court House
• Lee leaves Richmond to unite with Johnstons
  forces
• April 9, 1865, Lee surrounded at Appomattox Court
  House, VA
• Lee surrenders his army to Grant
• Johnston surrenders to Sherman in North Carolina

15
Lincolns Assassination

• John Wilkes Booth leads failed kidnapping plot
• Booth leads plan to kill General Grant, Vice
  President Johnson, Secretary of State Seward, and
  President Lincoln
• April 14, 1865
• Fords Theater in Washington, D.C.
• Booth mortally wounds Lincoln
• Died the next morning
• Booth killed in a tobacco warehouse in Virginia