Reading Lost civilizations

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Unit 3 Back to the past
Reading Lost civilizations
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• Pompeii (Italy) Loulan (China)

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Background knowledge
Pompeii

• Location
• The site of Pompeii was located in western Italy
  in a region called Campania?????? , near the Bay
  of Naples??????.   

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Vesuvius (volcano)

• On 24th August AD 79, the volcano (Vesuvius)
  erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it
  onto the surrounding countryside.
• All the people in the city were buried alive.

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Loulan Ghost City

• In its lifetime, Loulan was situated on the north
  shore of Lop Nor(???).
• .

• Loulan was a stopping point on the Old Silk Road,
  connecting China to Europe.

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• Loulan was abandoned in the sixth century and was
  gradually covered by sandstorm.

• Their most significant finding was a female
  mummy, the "Loulan beauty" whose good looks were
  undiminished 1,000 years later.

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Unit3 Back to the past

• Reading

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Where are the places in the pictures? Pompeii is
in Italy and Loulan in Xinjiang China. What have
you known about them? They are both lost
cities. What else do you want to know about them?
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A Read the diary entries quickly and answer
these questions.
1. What country is the author from?
Canada. 2. What is one main similarity between
Pompeii and Loulan? Both of them became lost
civilizations about 2,000 years ago.
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3. Who was made director of the Pompeii dig in
1860? The Italian archaeologist Giuseppe
Fiorelli. 4. Who is Professor Zhang? An
archaeologist from the local cultural institute.
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How well did you understand the details in the
diary?
Reading strategy reading diary entries
When you are reading diary entries recording
someones travels, you should look for ? ? ?
Dates and place names
Facts and historical information
Personal feelings and opinions
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Reading Fill in the chart
Date Arrangements
15th July
16th July
17th July
In Italy
went to a lecture about Pompeii
saw the ancient city of Pompeii, be to visit the
museum in Naples
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arrived in Loulan
24th July
25th July
knew some information from an Archaeologist
Professor Zhang
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Place names Historical information Personal feelings opinions
Pompeii city
Vesuvius volcano ------
It was founded in the 8th century BC. The Romans
took over it. It has been a rich city.
amazing hard to imagine
It erupted and all the people in Pompeii were
buried alive, and so was the city!
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The museum in Naples ------
Loulan
It houses many of the treasures from Pompeii.
It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road
between the East and the West.
so excited What a pity!
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How well did you understand the details in the
diary? Read it again carefully and answer the
following questions.
1. When was the city Pompeii founded? It was
founded in the 8th century BC.
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2. What happened to Pompeii in August AD 79?
Mount Vesuvius erupted and lava, ash and rocks
poured out of it onto the surrounding
countryside. All the people in Pompeii were
buried alive, and so was the city.
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3. How was the buried city discovered? It was
discovered in the 18th century when a farmer
found some stone with writing on it. People
started to dig in the area for treasure, which
caused much damage. So in 1860, the Italian
archaeologist Giuseppe Fiorelli was made director
of the Pompeii dig.
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4. What were the stepping stones along the road
in Pompeii used for? With the stones, people
did not have to step in the mud in the streets on
rainy days.
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5. Why was Loulan an important city about 2,000
years ago? Because it was a stopping point
on the famous Silk Road between the East and the
West. 6. How do many people think Loulan
disappeared? It was gradually covered over by
sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.

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• 7. Who discovered the ruins of Loulan Kingdom
  first? What did he find?
• Sven Hedin, a Swedish explorer. He found the
  remains of buildings buried under the sand,
  together with a lot of treasures, such as

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8. According to the last sentence, how did the
author feel about the loss of Loulan? She
felt that it was a pity!

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City Pompeii Loulan
Time
reasons for disappearance
Who found it first
Founded in the 8th century BC
Existed almost 2,000 years ago
covered by sandstorms from 200 AD to 500 AD
volcano called Vesuvius erupted on 24th August AD
79
a farmer found some stone with writing on it
 A Swedish explorer discovered the ruins of the
Loulan Kingdom
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Comparison
found in Pompeii found in Pompeii
streets
houses
bodies
with stepping stones.
with mosaic  floors and wall paintings.
have been turned to stones
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Comparison
found in Loulan found in Loulan
treasures
some buildings
system
such as coins, painted pots, silk materials,
documents and wall paintings.
such as the city walls, palaces, temples,
workshops, and towers.
water system that ran through the middle of the
city..
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Pompeii
Loulan
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C2 The writers of diaries often record feelings
or opinions (emotions) as well as what
they have done(actions). Do the sentences below
express emotions(E) or actions(A)?
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D1. Look at these new words from the diary
entries and match them with their definitions.

• a. sadly, unluckily
• b. (of a volcano) threw out lava and ash
• c. acting or speaking for a group
• d. took control of

• 1. represent
• 2. took over
• 3. erupted
• 4. unfortunately

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5. houses 6. wealthy 7. ruins 8. enormous
e. rich f. parts of a building that remain after
it has been badly damaged or destroyed g.
provides space for h. huge
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D2. Find the following words in the text and
decide what they refer to.

• 1) The city was founded in the 8th century BC. (
  line 7)
• People started to dig in the area for treasure,
  which caused much damage. ( line 17)
  

Pompeii
the fact that people started to
dig in the area for treasure
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3) The volcano is still there. (line 24) 4) It
was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road
between the East and the West. (line 32) 5) ,
but even that didnt prevent the city from being
buried by sand ---what a pity! (line
44)
near Pompeii
Loulan
the fact
that the desert was once a green land with
enormous trees
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Use the following words to complete this passage.
Pompeii civilizations treasure
commercial archaeologist volcano sand
ruins erupted represent
I was so excited to be picked to ________ Canada.
I have been to________ in Italy and am now in
China visiting Loulan.
represent
Pompeii
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Both places were important __________ cities
about 2,000 years ago. They both disappeared and
became lost __________. Pompeii was destroyed by
a _______. It _______ and covered Pompeii with
ash. Loulan disappeared under the ____. No one is
quite sure why.
commercial
civilizations
erupted
volcano
sand
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There are just a few ____ left. Some _______,
such as coins and painted pots, was found, and
recently some tombs. I as becoming very
interested in ancient civilizations. Maybe I
shall become an ____________ one day.
ruins
treasure
archaeologist
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DiscussionWhat caused the city of loulan to
disappear?What caused the sandstorms?How can we
avoid such tragedy happening again?
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Homework

• Read the passage carefully and review the new
  words and phrases.
• 2. Make a summary of the text.

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Language points
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• A British society arranged for ten high school
  students from different countries to go on a
  cultural expedition to sites of lost
  civilizations.
• arrange sth. (for sth)
• arrange for sth.
• arrange to do sth. / wh- to do sth
• arrange for sb.to do sth.
• arrange with sb. to do sth. (??)???
• arrange that / wh-

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• ??????????????

She arranged all her business affairs
before going on holiday.
????6???????
I arranged to meet him at 6 oclock.
Ive already arranged with him to meet at the
cinema. ?????????????
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• The secretary ______________________ __________
  the manager.
• ??????????
• Ive _________for him _______ her.
• ??????????
• He arranged that the meeting ______ _____ off
  for a week.
• ??????????????

arranged an appointment
for me with
arranged
to meet
should
be put
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• 1. ??????????????
• 2. ????????????????
• 3. ??????????
• 4. ????????????,???????????
• 5. ?????????????

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• 1. Ive arranged for Mary to meet you at the
  railway station.
• 2. Ive arranged that one of our representatives
  will meet you at the airport.
• 3. Have you arranged to meet him?
• 4. Ive arranged with the neighbors to feed the
  cat while we are away.
• 5. Weve still got to arrange how to get to the
  spot.

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? lost civilizations ?????, 1) lost
????????? ????,???
e.g. ?????????????? Its no use (always)
thinking about ones lost youth.
?????????????????? They are trying to win
back their lost supporters.
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? ???,??? ???,?????,????? e.g. ???7??????
Seven lost children were reported.
????????? They got lost in the woods.
???????????????? ?? Im a
little lost at how to tell you about the
matter.
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I m at a loss as to how to tell you about
the matter. ??????????????? We would be
lost without your help. ??????? a lost
look ????,??? ???/???? a lost battle/game
/prize ??/?????/?????
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a lost chance/ advantage ?????/? ???????? ? be
lost in ???,????? be lost on sb.
?????????? be lost to ??????,???? be
lost to the world ????????
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• ?????????????????
• A lot of remains of ancient civilizations are
  lost to history.
• ??????????????????
• He realized that his daughter was lost to him
  when she married.

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????? a lost chance ????? lost
youth ?????/?? lost keys/a lost
necklace ????????????? Have you found the lost
bag? ??????/??????? They got lost in the
forest/in the thick fog ????? the lost and found
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• 2) civilization u ??,????,??????????????????
  c/u (???????)????
• e.g. ??????????????????????????
• Astronauts circling the earth are able to keep
  in touch with civilization by radio.
• ????????????

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• the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome
• ???????????????
• Environmental damage threatens the whole of
  civilization.
• ????????????????
• American civilization differs from ours.

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? civilize vt. ???,?????,??,???
civilized adj. ???,???????,??? e.g. ?????
Please be civilized. call at a civilized
hour ??????????? civilized service ???????
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???????????????? We are proud of the
civilizations of ancient China. ?????????????????
What happened in that country horrified
civilization. civilized adj.??????????
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? ?????????????????????? Many a rough man in
that country has been civilized by his wife. ?
?????????????????? Such things are not
allowed to happen in a civilized society.
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• 2. Below are several experts from the
• travel diary kept by Ann, one of the
• students from Canada.
• Near the city was a volcano called
• Vesuvius.
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????,????
• ?????????????,?????
• ?????????????????,?
• ?????

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• 1. In each room _____ ten students.
• are B. is
• C. there is D. there was
• 2. _____ from the tenth floor when the
• policeman pointed his pistol at him.
• A. Jumped down the burglar
• B. Down the burglar jumped
• C. The burglar jumping down
• D. Down jumped the burglar

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• 3. ---- Where is the man we talked about
  yesterday?
• ---- There ________.
• A. comes he B. he comes
• C. he came D. came he
• 4. _____the city lies the No.3 Power
• Plant, which produces electricity for the
• whole city
• 40 miles southeast of
• B. To 40 miles southeast of
• C. Southeast 40 miles to

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• 3. I am representing Canada. I feel lucky to have
  won a place on this trip.
  ???????????????????????
• 1) represent ????????? ?
• The union represents over 200,000 teachers.
  
  ?????20????????

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The competition attracted 500 athletes
___________ 8 different countries.

?????????8????500?????? represent??? ???????
?????
representing
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• Those comments do not represent the views of us
  all.
  ??????????????????
• Each color on the chart _________ a different
  __________ .
  ????????????????????

represents
department
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represented
They ___________ their concerns to the
authorities. ????????????????
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• 2. I am representing Canada. I feel lucky to have
  won a place on this trip.
  ???????????????????????
• 2) win a place ????????
• She will someday win a place in music's hall
  of fame.
  ?????????????????

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• She has __________ in the Olympic team.
• ???????????????
• He ____________ in the first team.
• ????????????

won a place
lost his place
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• 4. The city was founded in the 8th century BC.
• found ????? ?? ????
• Her family _______ the college in 1895.
  
  ???1895?????????

founded
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• The town was founded by English settlers in 1790.
  
  ??????????1790????
• Their marriage ___________ on love and mutual
  respect.
  ?????????????????????
• ??found form organize????

was founded
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• 5. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii.
  ???89?,
  ??????????
• take over?????? ?? ???
• You watch them until ten o'clock, and then
  Ill take over.
  ??????10??, ??????

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• CBS records ____________ by Sony.
  ??????????????????????
• When Mr. Green retired, his son ________ the
  business from him.
  ??????????????????
• What is good and still useful ________ _________.
  
  ????????????

was taken over
took over
should be
taken over
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• 1. The large company has taken over many small
  ones.
• ????????????????
• 2. You watch the house until 10 oclock and then
  Ill take over.
• ??????????,???????
• 3. Try not to let negative thoughts take over.
  ????????????
• 4. The army is threatening to take over if civil
  unrest continues.

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• ?????????
• 1. take away ________2. take back __________
• 3. take care _________4. take care of ________
• 5.take down_________6. take in_____________
• 7. take off __________8. take on ____________
• 9. take out ________ 10. take up ____________

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• 1. Her time is fully ________with writing.
• 2. CBS Records was ________by Sony.
• 3. The fine will be ______of your wages.
• 4. She ________ me ________ completely with her
  story.
• 5. The bus stopped to ________more passengers.
• 6. Sorry, Ill ________ what I said.

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• 5. Unfortunately, all the people were buried
  alive, and so was the city. ????,
  ???????,???????
• 1) bury ??????? ?? ?? ????

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• The house ______________ under snow. ?????????
• He ____________ in his work.
• ??????
• Many men __________ underground when there was an
  accident at the mine.???????, ???????????

was half buried
buried himself
were buried
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• ______ in deep thought, he didnt notice Mary
  coming in.
• _______ himself in sorrow, he refused to see
  anyone.
• _____ yourself in your study, and you will make
  progress.

Buried
Burying
Bury
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• She fell into the bed, ______ her face in the
  pillow and sniffed sadly. (???)
• 1) be buried alive ????, alive ?????????

buried
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• 2) 1. If you dont go to school, ______ I.
• A. nor do B. so will
• C. so do D. neither shall
• 2. ----- David has made great progress recently.
• ----- ________, and __________.
• A. So he has so you have
• B. So he has so have you
• C. So has he so have you
• D. So has he so you have

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• 3. ---- It was fine yesterday.
• ----________. And a very day for
• fishing, isnt it?
• So it was B. It was so
• C. So it is D. So is it
• 4. ------- I was told you telephoned me
• yesterday.
• -------________.
• A. So I did B. So did I
• C. So you did D. So did you

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• 6. People started to dig in the area for
  treasure, which caused much damage.
• ????????????, ?????????
• damage ?????????,????
• The storm did _____________ to the crops.
  ??????????????

a lot of damage
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• An earthquake sometimes causes great _______ .
  ???????????
• ??????????damage, destroy ? ruin ?????, ?

damage
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• An archaeologist from the local
• cultural institute, Professor Zhang,
• told us that 100 years ago the Swedish
• explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the
  Loulan Kingdom.
• ????????????????
• ??????,100???????
• Sven Hedin???????????

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• __________________ how this quiet volcano
  ________ the whole city. ????????????????????
  ?
• ????? ????????, ????????????

It is hard to imagine
destroyed
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• Many teens dont get enough sleep
• because they have _______ homework,
• ______ keeps them up at night.
• much too which B. too much that
• C. much too what D. too much which
• 2. Have you ever been to Shanghai, _______I left
  ten years ago?
• A. where B. which
• C. that D. when

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• 3. In the office I never seem to have time
• until after 530p.m, ____ many people have
• gone home.
• A. whose B. which
• C. on which D. by which time
• 4. I shall never forget those years
• ________I lived in the country with the
• farmer, ________ has a great effect on my
• life.
• A. thatwhich B. whenwhich
• C. whenwho D. whichthat

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• 7. I also saw the bodies of people that had been
  turned to stone when they had been covered with
  ash--- they are kept exactly as they were 2,000
  years ago. ???????????????????
  ??---????????????????

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• keepas they were (/ as it was)
  ??????????????as???????????
• Leave the books as they are. ???????
• Put the papers _____ they _____.
  ???????????
• The balance of nature wouldnt be broken if
  things were left as they were

were
as
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• ---Look, there is a big snake under the tree.
• ---Oh, I see. Just leave it______ it is,or it
  might bite you.
• A. as B. before C. when D. while

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• 9. Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the
  museum that houses many of the treasures from
  Pompeii. ?????????????????????
  ???????
• house ???, ???????????? ?

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• Those caves may house snakes or some other wild
  animals.
  ?????????????????
• Most animals house up in caves in winter.
  
  ?????????????

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• The personal picture exhibition ________ in that
  building.
  ????????????
• He is trying hard to feed and ______ his family.
  
  ???????????????

is housed
house
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• 10. I ate neither the noodles nor the rice
  ????????????
• neither...nor..., ???????
  ??......??...... ?
• I have neither time nor money.
  ?????????
• The novel is neither realistic nor poetic.
  
  ??????????????

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• ????????????, ????????????????????????
• Neither boy students nor girl students ___ right.
  
  ?????????
• Neither he nor I ___ well educated.
  ????????????

are
am
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• 10. It is believed by many people to have been
  gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200
  to AD500.
• ?????sb / sth be believed to have done
  sth??,????????It is believed that ? People
  believe that ???????????say, report, think,
  suggest, hope, suppose ???????
• It is believed (by many people) that it had
  been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD
  200 to AD 500.

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• 12.An archaeologist from the local
• cultural institute, Professor Zhang,
• told us that 100 years ago the
• Swedish explore Sven Hedin
• discovered the ruins of the Loulan
• Kingdom.
• We found the ruins most interesting.
• ruins???????????,?????
• ruin (n.) ??,??,?? (v.) ???,??,????

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• fall into ruins ??
• come / go to ruins ??,??
• lie in ruins ????
• the ruins of Yuamingyuan ?????
• bring sb. to ruin ?????
• ruin ones hopes ???????
• ????
• If you go on stealing, you will ________ your
  bright future, young man! said the judge.
• A. destroy B. damage C. ruin

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Important sentences
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1.Tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.(line2)
Next week we are flying to China and going to
Loulan.(line2) 2. Near the city was a volcano
called Vesuvius.(line9) A volcano called
Vesuvius was near the city. 3. Unfortunately, all
the people were buried alive, and so was the
city. 4. Today I saw the ancient Roman city of
Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.(line 14) .I
saw streets just as they had been.
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5. ?????,?????200??500???????????? It is
believed by many people to have been gradually
covered over by sandstorms form AD200 to
AD500.(line34) 6.???????????????,??????,
???????????????????????? The desert was once a
green land with enormous tree,but even that
didn't prevent the city from being buried by sand.
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• 1.So / neither do (did/ will/ be/ have---)
• 1) ---You forgotten your purse when you went .
• ---Good heavens, _____.
• A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I
  so did
• 2)---It was fine yesterday.
• ---_____. And a very day for fishing, isnt
  it?
• A. So it was B. It was so C. So it is D.
  So is it
• 3)If you dont go to school,______ I.
• A. Nor do B. so will C. so do D. neither
  shall
• 2.They were kept exactly as they were 2000 years
  ago. as sb./ sth. be ??---?????.
• ??????!
• Leave it as it is.
• ???10??????.

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• ???10??????.
• You look beautiful as you were ten years ago.
• 3. ---Look, there is a big snake under the tree.
• ---Oh, I see. Just leave it______ it is,or it
  might bite you.
• A. as B. before C. when D. while
• 4.take over
• take on
• take up

??,?? ???? ??????(??)
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• You watch the house until 10 oclock and then
  Ill take over.
• The large company has taken over many small ones.
• 1)Nobody had recognized his talent before he ____
  the company when his father passed away suddenly.
• A. took over B. took up C. took off D. took on
• 2)The new headmaster will ____ on September 1st.
• A. take place of B. take down
• C. take over D. take up

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• 5.Make sb. n.
• Mr. White was made _____ chairman if the club for
  the second time.
• a B. an C. the D. /
• Wang tao was appointed head of the English
  Department.
• 6.Remain vi. ??,??
• How many days will you remain/ stay here?
• I shall remain /stay to see the end of the gam.
• link v.??????
• The shop remains/ stays open until 1100 p.m..
• The problems remain /stay unsolved.

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• Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?
• It will ____ fresh for several days.
• Be remain B. remain
• C. be remaining D. have remained

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Word study
1. represent vt.
1) act or speak for a group
The competition attracted over 500 contestants
8 different countries.
representing
represented
The President was
at the ceremony by the Vice-President.
2) to be a symbol of
represents
Each color on the chart
a different department.
represents
The rose a different
department.
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3. unfortunately adv. unluckily, regrettably
, he was injured
in the first game.
,I wont be able to attend the meeting.
Unfortunately
Unfortunately
unfortunate adj.
It was an accident. It
is that you missed the
meeting.
unfortunate
unfortunate
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2. take over take control of
The army has the
party. The firm has
by a large company. When he was ill
his son the business.
taken over
been taken over
took over
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4. alive adj. living, not dead
She was still when she was sent to
the hospital. He was buried in the
earthquake.
alive
alive
live, living, lively
Shes a child and popular with
everyone. fish
coverage of the World Cup
languages
lively
live
live
living
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5. destroy vt. to damage sth. so badly that
it no longer exists, works
The building was by
fire. Theyve all the
evidence. Her husband was killed in the war,
which_________ her hopes of happiness.
destroyed
destroyed
destroyed
6. house vt. to provide a space for
The government will take measures to
the refugees. The gallery
2000 works of modern art.
house
houses
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7. prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. stop sb.
from doing sth.
Nothing will us (from)
reaching our aims. I was by
illness from taking the exam.
prevent
prevented
8.
Tom has been to the Great Wall twice, and
. (????????) If you go
there, . (???)
so has his sister
so shall I