Journal on your experiences reading Shakespeare.

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• Journal on your experiences reading Shakespeare.

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Shakespeare
The actual date of Shakespeare's birth is not
known, but, traditionally, April 23 has been
Shakespeare's accepted birthday.
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Shakespeare
A house on Henley Street in Stratford, England,
owned by William's father, John, is accepted as
Shakespeare's birth place.
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Shakespeare
Shakespeare was a first-rate actor. He then
became actor-manager and part-owner in the
Blackfriars and afterwards the Globe Theatres.
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Shakespeare
Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest
writer in the English language and the world's
preeminent dramatist. His surviving works consist
of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative
poems, and several other poems.
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Shakespeare
Shakespeares plays have been translated into
every major living language, and they are
performed more often than those of any other
playwright.
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ACTIVITY 1 Before Caesar/ After CaesarIn the
before column, List every thing you know about
Shakespeare and the play, The Tragedy of Julius
Caesar
Before After







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Early Rome

• Rome was established in 753 B.C.
• For 200 years ruled by Tarquin kings who were
  tyrants
• The Tarquins were overthrown by Lucius Junius
  Brutus in 510 B.C. an ancestor of Brutus in the
  play.
• A democratic republic was then established which
  lasted until the death of Julius Caesar.
• The Romans were very proud of their democratic
  system and were repulsed by the thought of being
  ruled by a king.

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• Triumvirate means three men and refers to a type
  of coalition government. It was formed of three
  men Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey who needed
  each other to get what they wanted.
• When Cassus died, Caesar defeated Pompey.

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What Got Caesar into Trouble? (Continued)

• Many Romans assumed that Caesar was ready to
  declare himself King of Rome and eliminate the
  five hundred year old republic of which the
  Romans were so proud.
• Remember the Tarquins, the tyrant kings who ruled
  over Rome for 243 years? There was no way Romans
  were going to return to that style of government.
  Someone had to put a stop to this pursuit of
  absolute power, and so enter the conspirators.
• ...Beware the Ides of March!

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The Tragedy of Julius Caesar

• play, in five acts, about several men trying to
  save the Roman Republic from Caesars ambition of
  having complete control.
• Before Caesar, Rome was a Republic
• equal citizenship and people could elect
  tribunes to represent them in tribunals like
  congress and the senate!

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Play Versus The History

• Therefore, there is much historically accurate
  information, but a story to entertain the
  audience must also unfold.
• Yes! There is much to learn from the works of
  William Shakespeare.
• As we study this play, remember Shakespeare
  wished not only to inform his audience about the
  history of Julius Caesar but also to entertain
  them.

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Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar's bloody assassination on March 15,
44 B.C., forever marked March 15, or the Ides of
March, as a day of infamy.
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Political Assassination
Lincoln Kennedy
Elected in 1860 Elected in 1960
Concerned with civil rights Concerned with civil rights
Lost a son while president Lost a son while President
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Lincoln Kennedy
His successor was a Democratic senator from the south named Andrew Johnson, born in 1808. His successor was a Democratic senator from the South named Lyndon Johnson, born in 1908.
Lincolns Secretary, whose name was Kennedy, advised him not to go to the theatre. Kennedys secretary, whose name was Lincoln, advised him not to go to Dallas.
He was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife. He was shot in the back of the head in the presence of his wife.
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Lincoln Kennedy
Assassin John Wilkes Booth was born in the South in 1839. Assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was born in the south in 1939.
Booth shot Lincoln in a theatre and ran to a warehouse. Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and ran to a theatre.
His assassin was shot before going to trial. His assassin was shot before going to trial.
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Shakespeare and The Tragedy of Julius Caesar

• Let me have men about me that are fat,
• Sleek headed men, and such as sleep 0nites
• Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look
• He thinks too much such men are dangerous
• -Julius Caesar

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Wow! 1485-1625Exciting Times!!!

• Shakespeare lived and wrote in Elizabethan Era

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Elizabethan Era

• The height of the Renaissance under Queen
  Elizabeth
•  

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HOT ISSUE!!!

• One of the hottest political issues in
  Elizabethan England was the role of the monarch
  and what loyalty should be owed him or her.
  Hmmm? Sound familiar?

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During this time

• Renaissancerebirth15th 16th century Europe
• Art, scholarship, and literature flourished
• Reformation-King Henry VIII (Elizabeths dad)
  split from Pope and Catholic Church and founded
  Protestant Church of England
• Age of Exploration-The Americas and more
• Age of Discovery-many scientific discoveries
  including telescope and planetary motion

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Heard of these guys?Other figures from the
Renaissance

• Copernicus
• Galileo Galilei
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Christopher Columbus
• Hernán Cortés
• Vasco da Gama
• Ferdinand Magellan
• Francisco Pizarro
• Donatello
• Michelangelo

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TAKE NOTES HERE

• What to look for
•  Persuasion Technique used by speakers and
  writers to convince an audience to adopt a
  particular viewpoint. 

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TRAGEDY

• tragedy a play in which events turn out
  disastrously for the main character or characters

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Tragic Hero

• a character whose basic goodness and superiority
  are marred by a tragic flaw
• a fatal error in judgment that leads to the
  heros downfall.
• Brutus-is noble, but is a poor judge of
  character-too rigid in his ethical and political
  principles
• Caesar-brings great things to Rome, but proud,
  arrogant, and ambitious

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• Dialogue

• Monologue

• a conversation between characters.

• a speech by one character in a play, story or
  poem. Given to another character.

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• Soliloquy

• Aside

• short speech delivered by an actor in a play,
  which expresses the characters thoughts.
  Traditionally, the aside is directed to the
  audience and is presumed to be inaudible to the
  other actors.

• a long speech expressing the thoughts of a
  character alone on stage.

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Themes

• Friendship vs Duty
• Fate vs Free Will
• Absolute Power

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Quickwrite

• You have 2 minutes to write 5 sentences in
  which you respond to the following.
• A good friend of yours has been elected president
  of the student council. Soon, you notice that he
  or she is abusing the position by claiming
  privileges and using it to further his or her
  social life. How would you deal with this
  situation?

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Friendship Constitution

• Count off into groups
• Each group list ten qualities or traits that
  qualify a person as a friend.
• List five friend infractions that could end the
  friendship.
• Elect a representative
• Create a class Friendship Constitution

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• 4th Loyal, Honest, Respectful, Supportive
• 6th Optimistic, Trustworthy, Respectful,
• Intelligent, Straightforward
• Sophomore Friendship Constitution
• Respectful, Trustworthy, Supportive, Open Minded,
  Charismatic

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Journal write

• What is the role of personal friendships in
  creating a group governing structure?
• How easy is it to maintain friendships in a
  political context?
• Which is more important to you, friendship or
  personal principles?

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Irony

• Dramatic
• Verbal
• Irony of Situation

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Verbal Irony

• Author says one thing and means something else.

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Irony of Situation

• When what is expected does not occur.

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Dramatic Irony

• Audience knows something that a character in the
  literature does not know.

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What type of Irony is it?

• Antony says Brutus is an honorable man

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What type of Irony is it?

• The audience knows about the plot to assassinate
  Caesar, but Caesar does not.
• We watch Caesar go out on the Ides of March with
  suspense.

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Rhetoric

• the art of effective or persuasive speaking or
  writing, especially the use of figures of speech
  and other compositional techniques.

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Three Ways to Persuade-According to our good
friend, Aristotle.

• Ethos (credibility)
• Pathos (emotion)
• Logos (Logic)

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ETHOS

• Appeal based on the character of the speaker. An
  ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of
  the author.
• Why should I trust you as a speaker? What makes
  you such an expert?

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PATHOS

• Appeal based on emotion. Advertisements tend to
  be pathos-driven.
• How are you going to make me emotionally
  involved? Humor? Sadness? Fear?

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LOGOS

• Appeal based on logic or reason.
• Statistics, Cause and effect, examples, quotes
  from experts

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Lastly

• Address readers' concerns, counterclaims, biases,
  and expectations.
• What might the opposition say, and how do you
  plan to counter attack?

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Rhetorical Devices

• Rhetoric the art of speaking or writing
  effectively
• the study of writing or speaking as a means of
  communication or persuasion skill in the
  effective use of speech
• Rhetorical devices Using language to emphasize,
  explain, and unify ideas for a persuasive effect

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• Rhetorical Question-a statement that is
  formulated as a question but that is not supposed
  to be answered.
• Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who
  would want to live in an institution?

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• "Hath not a Jew eyes?Hath not a Jew hands,
  organs, dimensions, senses, affections,
  passions?If you prick us, do we not bleed, if
  you tickle us, do we not laugh?If you poison us,
  do we not die?
• "Aren't you glad you use Dial?Don't you wish
  everybody did?"

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• Repetition- the reuse of the same words, or
  nearly identical terms, repeatedly for emphasis,
  in order to emphasize their importance.
• I Have a Dream-MLK
• Anaphora repitition of words
• at the beginning of sentence.
• Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition! William
  Shakespeare, King John, II, i

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Anaphora

• The repetition of a word or phrase at the
  beginning of successive phrases, clauses or
  lines.
• "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the
  end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on
  the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing
  confidence and growing strength in the air, we
  shall defend our island, whatever the cost may
  be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight
  on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the
  fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the
  hills. We shall never surrender."
• (British Prime Minister Winston Churchill)

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Analogy

• A comparison made between two things to show how
  they are alike.
• Example Life is like a box of chocolates, you
  never know what you are going to get.

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• Parallelism - The repeated use of phrases,
  clauses, or sentences that are similar in
  structure or meaning. Writers use this technique
  to emphasize important ideas, create rhythm, and
  make their writing more forceful and direct.

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Parallelism

• Repetition of a similar sentence structure to
  create emphasis
• Example This week the party was canceled not
  because of a lack of interest, not because of a
  lack of money, and not because of a lack of
  volunteers.

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• I came, I saw, I conquered. Julius Ceaser
• "You can fool all the people some of the time,
  and some of the people all the time, but you
  cannot fool all the people all the time." -
  Abraham Lincoln
• "Ask not what your country can do for you ask
  what you can do for your country." - John F.
  Kennedy

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Faulty Parallelism Example
faulty parallelism She revels in chocolate,
walking under the moonlight, and songs from the
1930s jazz period.
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Better Parallelism
good parallelism She revels in sweet chocolate
eclairs, long moonlit walks, and classic jazz
music. "She revels in "sweet chocolate
eclairs," Adjective--Adjective--Object "long
moonlit walks," Adjective--Adjective--Object "a
nd classic jazz music." Adjective--Adjective--Obj
ect
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Even Better Parallelism
more good parallelism She loves eating chocolate
eclairs, taking moonlit walks, and singing
classic jazz. She revels in" "eating chocolate
eclairs" Gerund--Adjective--Object of Gerund
"taking moonlit walks" Gerund--Adjective--Objec
t of Gerund "and singing classic jazz."
Gerund--Adjective--Object of Gerund
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ALLUSION

• An allusion is a reference to a well-know person,
  place, event, literary work, or work of art.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vVYCdlX6y2M8feature
  related

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Antithesis

• To be or not to be
• In these six words Shakespeare gives us two
  complete opposites existing and not existing.
• Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a
  balanced or parallel construction
• Many are called, but few are chosen.

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• Shes so mean, but I love her anyway.
• That class is great but I hate going.
• I shouldnt eat it, but I cant stop!
• These all have antithetical elements in them.
  Each of these sentences are very dramatic. When
  you put the two antithetical thoughts together in
  such a short phrase, you get drama.
• I really enjoy our relationship together on
  occasion because we do fun things together such
  as swimming, shopping, watching movies and other
  things but you really have some habits that
  thoroughly annoy me at time as well and Im
  conflicted with how I feel about you. Wheres
  the drama there? How about I love and hate you.
  Whoa. NOW I want to know more about this
  relationship. DRAMA!

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Antithesis

• .
• "Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice,
  moderation in the pursuit of justice is no
  virtue."(Barry Goldwater - Republican Candidate
  for President 1964)
• "Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved
  Rome more". (Brutus in  " Julius Caesar" by
  William Shakespeare)

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• J. Diction-word choice
• Notice the change in tone
• An odor filled the room.
• A Stink filled the room.

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Diction What words have a strong connotation
(emotion)?

• our remonstrances have produced additional
  violence and insult our supplications have been
  disregarded and we have been spurned, with
  contempt, from the foot of the throne.

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What words have a strong connotation (emotion)?

• Our remonstrances have produced additional
  violence and insult our supplications have been
  disregarded and we have been spurned, with
  contempt, from the foot of the throne.

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Look and listen for the poetic devices

• Alliteration-repetition of consonants, usually at
  the beginning of words.
• Whereat with blade, with bloody, bladeful blade,
  He bravely broached his bloody boiling breast.
  Quince-Midsummer
• Assonance-repetition of vowel sounds
• What lusty trumpet thus doth summon us?-King
  John
• Consonance-repetition of consonant sounds

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Alliteration

• Repetition of the initial consonant sounds
  beginning several words in sequence.
•  
• "....we shall not falter, we shall not fail."  
  (President G.W. Bush Address to Congress
  following 9-11-01 Terrorist Attacks.)
•  
• "Let us go forth to lead the land we love.
• (President J. F. Kennedy, Inaugural 1961)
• "Veni, vidi, vici.
• (Julius Caesar  - I came, I saw, I
  conquered)

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Assonance

• Repetition of the same vowel sounds in words
  close to each other.
• "Thy kingdom come, thy will be done.
• (The Lord's Prayer)
• Its quick soft silver bell beating, beating
• (Karl Shapiro, Auto Wreck)

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Euphemism

• Euphemism substitution of an agreeable or at
  least non-offensive expression for one whose
  plainer meaning might be harsh or unpleasant.
• Examples   Euphemisms for " stupid"A few
  fries short of a Happy Meal.A few beers short
  of a six-pack.One Fruit Loop shy of a full
  bowl.All foam, no beer.The cheese slid off
  his cracker.

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• Guess the Persuasive Techniques used in the
  following slides

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Emotional Appeal
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Logical Appeal
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Parallelism
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Emotional Appeal
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Ethical Appeal
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Rhetorical Question
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Emotional Appeal
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Analogy
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Rhetorical Question
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Ethical Appeal
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Repetition
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Analogy
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Ethical Appeal
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Parallelism
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Logical Appeal
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Repetition
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Rhetorical Question
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Parallelism
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Analogy
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Logical Appeal
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(No notes here) I DONT UNDERSTAND SHAKESPEARE

• In English Language, the order of words is
  important
• The dog bit the boy. vs. The boy bit the dog.
  
• Shakespeare rearranges words to create
  rhythm-its poetry!
• Characters will have their own speech patterns-
  Romeo often speaks in couplets.
• He often places verb before subject
• Instead of He GoesGoes He.
• Instead of Does he go?Go does he?

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Activity 2 Translation

• Write down 4 lines each of dialogue
• Shakespearean pronouns
• Thou Subject Thou art my friend
• Thee Object Come, let me hug thee
• Thy Possessive adj Where is thy dog?
• Thine Possessive noun To thine own self b tru

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• Verb inflection
• And an est or st to the verb for exaggerated
  inflection.
• Where didst thou go?
• Thou liest, he came alone.

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A POET AND A COMEDIAN

• Wrote plays in blank verse unrhymed iambic
  pentameter-10 syllables-5 stressed beats
• Shakespeare wordplay!
• Pun-play on words that sound the same but have
  different meanings
• Ex. Kick your butt

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Activity 3 Puns
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Shakespeares Theatre

• emphasis on language and the human voice
• Shakespeare had to create atmosphere and setting
  through language. IMAGERY.
• Shakespeares audience accepted the stage
  convention of heightened language, often in
  verse.
• no-one spoke in verse outside the theatre.

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Famous Quotes

• Et tu, Brute?-Then Fall, Caesar.
• Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears
• Yet Brutus says, he was ambitious, And Brutus is
  an honorable man.
• Beware the Ides of March

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Speech 1 (minimum 300 words)

• Although you are not a fan of Julius Caesar, you,
  (insert your name/profession here), are on your
  way to see the celebration of Caesars return.
  You come upon the others celebrating. Prepare a
  persuasive monologue addressed to the crowd to
  convince them why they should not be celebrating
  Julius Caesar.
• Be sure to use appeals to ethos, pathos, and
  logos. Highlight the appeals in 3 different
  colors.

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How you will be assessed

• Gesturing and movement-1pt
• Intonation (speech inflection)-1pt
• Staying in Character and with platform 1pt
• Content addresses topic-2 pt
• Content reflects understanding of events in the
  play so far.-2pt
• Total of 7 points per speech

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Elect

• 1 speaker
• 1 senator

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Presentation

• Everyone in group creates a character and writes
  a speech (minimum 30 words)
• Elect 1 person only to give speech every week.
• The whole group is responsible for the speech.
  (Everyone is responsible for giving the best
  speech)
• The best speech each week earns 2 extra points.

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Advice

• Skim through the beginning of the play
• Review your FYI notes.
• Be creative.
• Be persuasive.

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Speech 2- Due Today/ Speech Given Thursday

• Due to your increased popularity after having
  spoken at the Hail Caesar Rally, you have been
  asked to appear before the Senate on the Ides of
  March to present a bill of your creation
  suggesting what is the most important problem in
  Rome the Senate needs to address. You may or may
  not want to focus this bill on an area that you
  are directly affiliated with. You may supplement
  your speech with visuals.
• Use 3 rhetorical strategies

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Speech 3

• CAESAR IS DEAD! And you are popular. Whether you
  intended to or not the opportunity to seize power
  in Rome is upon you. A few well placed speeches
  coupled with a blistering ad campaign and you
  could be called Caesar in the near future. (cont
  on next page

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• Your first opportunity is to speak at the funeral
  of Caesar before Brutus or Marc Antony.
  Commiserate and sympathize with them. Tell the
  people of what you think about what has happened.
  Tell them what needs to happen now. Tell them
  who to watch out for. Tell them how you can
  provide them what they need. Tell them what you
  need to get their support.

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Caesar Persuasive EssayDue TBD

• See literature book pg 915 for all the details.
• Assessed using the CAHSEE rubric for Persuasive
  Essays.
• Choose a number (no name on essay)
• MLA format
• Standard WA 2.4
• 200 points
• 4200 4-195 3190 3180 3-170

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• Throughout the play, Brutus defends his reasons
  for killing Caesar. Antony just as eloquently
  states why Caesar should not have been killed.
  Write a position paper taking either Brutus or
  Antonys part.

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A score of 4

• 4-states and maintains a position,
  authoritatively defends the position with precise
  and relevant evidence, and convincingly addresses
  the readers concerns, biases, and expectations.

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Score of 3

• States and maintains a position, generally
  defends that position with precise and relevant
  evidence, and addresses the readers concerns,
  biases, and expectations.

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Score of 2

• Defends a position with little evidence and may
  address the readers concerns, biases, and
  expectations.

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Score of 1

• Fails to defend a position with any evidence and
  fails to address the readers concerns, biases,
  and expetations

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Julius Caesar
Brutus is one of the men who assassinate Caesar
in the Senate.
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Julius Caesar
Mark Antony is one of the Triumvirs (leaders) who
rule Rome following Caesar's assassination.
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Julius Caesar
Cassius is one of the original conspirators
against Caesar.
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Julius Caesar
Calphurnia is the wife of Caesar who begs him not
to go to the Senate on "the ides of March."
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Julius Caesar
Portia is the wife of Marcus Brutus who tries to
learn from Brutus the assassination conspiracy he
is hiding from her.
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Famous Quotes
"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him". Quote
(Act III, Scene II).
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Famous Quotes
"Et tu, Brute!" Quote (Act III, Scene I).