Islam:

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Islam

• The Peace of
• Surrender to
• the One God

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Adhan (Call to Prayer)

• Adhan 1
• Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles)
• Adhan 3 (w/ scenes from Hajj in Mecca)

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Surat al-Fatiha

• In the name of God,
• The Compassionate, The Merciful
• All praise belongs to God,
• Lord of all the World,
• The Compassionate, the Merciful,
• Master of the Day of Judgement.
• You alone do we worship,
• and from You alone do we seek help.

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Surat al-Fatiha

• Guide us on the straight path,
• The path of those
• whom You have blessed,
• Not of those on whom is Your anger,
• Nor of those who have gone astray.
• Amen.

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Assignments

• (due ., /) Spontaneously write 5 images that you
  associate w/ Islam/ muslim read Muslim
  Life, p. 262
• (due Thurs., 5/6) Type a 1-1½ pg. reflection
  paper on DVD The Muslim Americans
• (due Fri., 5/7) Read pp. 247-251(top) write 1
  pgrph on your impressions of Muhammad

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Assignments

• (due Mon., 5/10) 1 paragraph What impacted you
  most from DVD Muhammad Legacy?
• (due Weds., 5/12) Read handout on Quran write 1
  paragraph reflection on one or several passages
  for discussion
• (due Thurs., 5/13) Read pp. 251-256 (middle) and
  do 256G

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Assignments

• (due ., /) Read pp. 256-260 (top) write 1-2 pghs
  opinion on any controversial issues in Islam
• (due Thurs., 1/7) Read pp. 260-263
• (Weds., 5/19) TEST on Islam
• (due on or before last review day) Project

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Assignments

• ( ) 1-2 pg. relfection on
• What you have learned from your study of other
  religions
• What your Faith is, and why you believe it

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The Foundations of Islam

• What IS Islam?

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What is Islam?

• ISLAM
• MUSLIMS
• ISLAMIC

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What is Islam?

• Islam peace
• Salam (Arabic)/Shalom (Hebrew)
• More literally,
• surrender or submission
• Implication
• Peace comes through submission to God (Allah)

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The Foundations of Islam

• The Life and Message
• Of
• Muhammed

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Life of Muhammed

• Born c. 570 A.D. in Mecca
• Meccan society
• Tribal
• Mercantile
• Polytheistic
• Part of powerful
• clan, the Quresh
• Orphaned early on raised by uncle, Abu Taleb

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Life of Muhammed

• M. becomes caravan guide
• Exposed to cultures/religions, esp. monotheism of
  Judaism Christianity
• Meets Khadijagt marries
• M. repulsed by Meccans hypocrisy re religion
  care for poor
• M. retreats more more to pray, reflect

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Life of Muhammed

• 610 A.D. Night of Power and Excellence
• Angel Gabriel appears during prayer
• Commands M. Recite!
• M. protests he knows not how to recite
• Gabriel tells M what to recite beginning of
  dictation of Quran

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The Foundations of Islam

• The Quran
• Islams Sacred Presence

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The Quran

• Center of Islamic faith on earth
• Size about 4/5 size of New Testament
• Structured in 114 chapters or surahs
• Originally written in Arabic

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The Quran

• Quran means, literally, reading or
  recitation
• From Angel Gabriels command Recite!

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The Quran

• Believed to have been revealed miraculously by
  God
• ALLAH gt MUHAMMEDgt EARLY DISCIPLES (written form)
• Revealed written in Arabic
• Governs every aspect of life

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The Quran

• Express 7 basic beliefs about
• Allah
• He is One
• All predestined by Him
• Revelation through
• Angels
• Human messengers(prophets)
• Books(Jewish, Christian, Quran)
• Human Destiny
• Afterlife
• Judgement

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The Quran

• Discuss Qurans attitude toward
• Unbelievers
• Violence toward enemies
• Image of God
• How do these attitudes compare with those of
  other faiths?

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The Foundations of Islam

• The Life and Message
• Of
• Muhammed

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Life of Muhammed

• 622 A.D. The Hijra
• M.s migration from Mecca to Yathrib
• Importance basis for all dates in Muslim
  calendar (Anno Hegirae, in the year of the
  Hijra)

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Message of Muhammed

• M referred to as the Seal of the Prophets
• Prophets link betw Allah and humankind
• Some lesser or prior prophets eg. Adam,
  Abraham, Moses, Jesus
• M seal, ie. the final prophet
• M reveals fully, precisely and for all time the
  will of Allah

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Message of Muhammed

• Sunna of the Prophet
• Means custom
• Ms actions and his own sayings or hadith
• Second most important authority in Islam

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5 Pillars of Islam
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Shahada The Confession of Faith

• La ilaha illaLlah. Muhammadur rasuluLlah
  (There is no god except God. Muhammad is the
  messenger of God.)
• Core
• Oneness of God (Monotheism)
• Uniqueness of Muhammad

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SalatRitual Prayer

• 5 times a day
• Dawn
• Noon
• Mid-afternoon
• Sunset
• Night
• At home or in masjid (mosque)

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SalatRitual Prayer

• Friday Service (Jummah) in mosque
• Sermon (khutbah)
• Noon prayer

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SawmFasting during Ramadan

• Entire month, from sunrise to sunset
• Abstinence from food, drink, sex, smoking, etc.
• Ramadan shifts lunar calendar

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ZakatSharing of Wealth with Poor

• 2.5 of value of possessions
• The Poor are exempt
• Zakat is a form of worship
• Fosters
• habits of generosity

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HajjPilgrimage to Mecca

• Journey in imitation of prophet
• Umma clearly felt/experienced
• Obligatory for all who can make the trip

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Features of the Hajj

• Ritual white clothing for men ( equality/
  purity)

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Islam Practices Teachings

• The Umma
• The Community of Muslims

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The Community of Muslims

• The community or Umma all Muslims
• Shariah divine law (from Quran) that unites
  all Muslims
• Governments of some countries (eg. Saudi Arabia,
  Iran, Pakistan) based on Sharia

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The Varieties of Islam

• Sects Movements
• in Islam

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Are there sects in Islam?

• Quran
• Hadith
• (Sayings of Prophet)
• (Mahtaphs)
• Various Schools of Thought
• (Opinions of Legal Scholars)

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Sunni Shia

• Islam divided into 2 major sects
• Sunni Shiite
• Muslims Muslims

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Sunni Muslims

• a little less than 90 of Muslims
• Sunni, from those who follow sunna or custom of
  the prophet

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Sunni Muslims

• Leadership Caliph elected from tribe of
  Muhammed
• Dominant in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Indonesia, most
  African countries

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Shiite Muslims

• about 10 of Muslims
• shii from shiat Ali or partisans of Ali, the
  son-in-law of M.

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Shiite Muslims

• about 10 of Muslims
• shii from shiat Ali or partisans of Ali, the
  son-in-law of M.
• Leadership Imam(vs. caliph) as direct descendent
  of Ali
• Dominant in Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait,
  Pakistan

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Sufism

• Not a separate sect of Islam, but a special
  brotherhood
• Sufi from suf, wool
• Sufis woolwearers, from their special robes
• Focus on inner, mystical experience of Allah