Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution
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What was the Industrial Revolution?

• It was a period in history in which the
  development of machines and technology changed
  how people worked and produced goods. Inventors
  in the United States and Europe created machines
  that sparked the growth of factories and
  industry, which created economic growth

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Chapter Objectives
Section 1 Economic Growth

• Describe how the Industrial Revolution began in
  the United States.

• Describe how the United States changed as it
  became more economically independent.

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Why It Matters

• During the early 1800s, manufacturing took on a
  stronger role in the American economy. During the
  same period, people moved westward across the
  continent in larger and larger numbers. In 1823
  the United States proclaimed its dominant role in
  the Americas with the Monroe Doctrine.

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The Impact Today

• These developments were important factors in
  shaping the nation. Today the United States is
  one of the leading economic and military powers
  in the world.

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Key Terms

• Industrial Revolution
• capitalism
• capital
• free enterprise
• technology
• cotton gin
• patent
• factory system
• interchangeable parts

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The Growth of Industry

• The Industrial Revolution began in the mid-1700s
  in Great Britain. (1)

• It was a period during which machinery and
  technology changed how people worked and produced
  goods.
• The Industrial Revolution took hold in the United
  States in New England (2) around 1800.

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The Growth of Industry

• New England shipped cotton from the Southern
  states and sent the finished cloth to markets
  throughout the nation.

• Capitalism (3) played a large part in the
  development of different industries.
• People put up capital, or their own money, for a
  new business in the hopes to make a profit, too.

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Rivers and streams provided waterpower to run
machinery (4) in factories. New England was
near needed resources, such as coal and iron from
Pennsylvania, and therefore had an advantage.
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• With the growth of industry came free enterprise.
  (5)
• People are open to buy, sell, or produce anything
  of their choosing as well as work wherever they
  want.

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The Growth of Industry

• The Industrial Revolution could not have taken
  place without the invention of new machines and
  new technology (6) or the scientific discoveries
  that made work easier.
• Britain created machinery and methods that
  changed the textile industry with inventions such
  as the spinning jenny, the water frame, and the
  power loom. (7)
• Most mills were built near rivers because the new
  machines ran on waterpower.
• In 1785 the steam engine provided power for a
  cotton mill.

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In the United States, many new inventions were
created.

• In 1793 Eli Whitney (8) invented the cotton gin
• One worker using the machine could clean cotton
  as fast as 50 people working by hand
• The patent (9) law passed in 1790 protected the
  rights of people who created inventions.
• A patent gives an inventor the sole legal right
  to the invention and its profits for a certain
  period of time.

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New England Factories

• Samuel Slater (10)took over a cotton mill in
  Pawtucket, Rhode Island, where he was able to
  copy the design of a machine invented by Richard
  Arkwright of Britain that spun cotton threads.
• Slater memorized the design (11) while in
  Britain, came to the United States in 1789, and
  established Slaters Mill.

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New England Factories

• Lowells Mill, another textile plant in Waltham,
  Massachusetts, was established in 1814. It
  employed many women(12). They worked long
  hours, for little pay and had poor living
  conditions. (13)

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New England Factories

• The factory system, or bringing manufacturing
  steps together under one roof, began here
• This was an important part of the Industrial
  Revolution because it changed the way goods were
  made and increased efficiency.(14)

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New England Factories

• The technology of making interchangeable parts
  (15) made it possible to produce many types of
  goods in large quantities.
• It also reduced the cost of manufacturing goods.
• In 1798 Eli Whitney (16) devised this method to
  make 10,000 rifles in two years for the United
  States government.
• He was able to make huge quantities of identical
  pieces that could replace one another.

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• Why was the technology of interchangeable parts
  so revolutionary to the Industrial Revolution?

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17. a. This technology made it cheaper and
faster to produce goods. b. Parts were made to
fit other identical parts on a large scale. c.
This allowed different types of factories to turn
out many goods in a short period of time.
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Economic Independence

• Merchants, shopkeepers, and farmers put some of
  the money they earned back into their businesses
  to try to earn larger profits.
• Businesses that needed more money had to borrow
  it from banks.
• The charter for the First Bank of the United
  States expired in 1811.
• 18. In 1816 Congress chartered the Second Bank
  of the United States.

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Economic Independence

• It had the power to establish a national currency
  and to make large loans.
• It helped strengthen the economic independence of
  the nation.

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Economic Independence

• Cities and towns (19) grew as a result of the
  growth of factories and trade.
• Many developed along rivers and streams to use
  the waterpower.

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• Why did cities and towns grow?
• (20)

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The Industrial Revolution created factories, and
people were needed to work them. Because more
product was produced, trade increased and cities
and towns became centers of commerce and trade.
Some cities and towns grew because they were
near rivers that were used for transport as well
as for waterpower to run machinery. Some people
left their farms for the opportunity that city
life offered (20)
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Checking for Understanding
Reviewing Facts Describe the reasons New England
was ideal for the development of factories.
Poor soil caused people to leave their farms to
find work. Rivers provided waterpower to run
machinery. Ports provided passage for factory
goods, and it had good proximity to resources.
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Reviewing Themes 21.
Economic Factors How did the cotton gin affect
cotton production?
It made cleaning quicker and more efficient. More
cotton was produced in the South.
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Critical Thinking
Determining Cause and Effect Was new technology
necessary for the Industrial Revolution? Explain.
Yes without technology, production might have
continued, only on a small scale.
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Analyzing Visuals
Geography Skills Study the map on page 310 of
your textbook. What do the cities on the map have
in common? Which state had the larger population
in 1820Georgia or Ohio?
They are all coastal cities. Ohio had the larger
population.
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