THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST

1
THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST

• The New Order in Europe
• Nazis controlled Europe from the English Channel
  in the west to near Moscow in the east
  (1942)---mostly ran by military or civilian
  officials and supportive civilians
• Nazis were ruthless in eastern Europe---see the
  Slavic people as racially inferior---wanted the
  lands for German settlers---plans for Aryan
  empire is set in place
• Heinrich Himmler is the SS leader put in charge
  of the German resettlement plans in the
  east---(move Slavic people out and replace them
  with Germans)---moved one million Poles to
  southern Poland---1942 two million ethnic Germans
  had been moved and colonized to new Poland
  provinces---Hitler anticipates turning all Slavs
  into slaves so Himmler suggest killing them
  instead
• Labor shortage in Germany so about 7 million
  Europeans are forced to work in Germany or in
  their own country for the Nazi empire

2
The Holocaust

• 1. Hitlers Final Solution was to exterminate
  the Jews from Europe because they were the
  greatest threat to his Aryan Empire
• 2. The SS under Himmler was responsible for
  carrying out the Final Solution which was
  genocide or the physical extermination of ones
  own race---the Jewish population
• 3. Reinhard Heydrich was the head of the SSs
  Security Service and was in charge of the Final
  Solution---He created special forces called
  Einsatzgruppen to carry out Nazi plans
• 4. When Poland fell Heydrich ordered all Jews to
  be rounded up and put in crowded ghettos in a
  number of cities---the Nazis tried to starve the
  Jews----many resistance groups in the ghettos
  fought back
• 5. In 1941 the Einsatzgruppen began to act as
  mobile killing units which followed the army,
  rounded up the Jews, and then executed
  them---they buried their bodies in mass graves
  (one million died this way)----however, the Nazis
  thought this was too slow a solution

3
Death Camps

• 1. Jews were transported in trains like cattle
  to Poland which had six death camps and the
  largest was Auschwitz---30 of the arrivals
  were sent to work in labor camps of which many
  were starved or worked to death---others were
  exterminated in gas chambers
• 2. By 1942 the death camps are in full operation
  and the Final Solution is of top priority even
  over the military needs during war---In 1944 as
  the Germans began to lose ground, Hitler still
  ordered Jews be shipped from Greece and Hungary
  to the death camps
• 3. Over 3 million Jews were killed in the death
  camps (overall total killed were between 5 and 6
  million)

4

• 4. Other victims of the Holocaust were Europes
  Gypsies (40), Poles, Ukrainians, and 3-4 million
  Soviet prisoners of war
• 5. The Danish people were able to protect most
  of its Jewish citizens yet, in other places
  Collaborators helped the Nazis find Jews
• 6. Jewish children were the first to be put to
  death in the gas champers because they could not
  work (1.2 million)---many children were moved
  from cities being bombed and never saw their
  parents again (1945 13 million orphaned children
  in Europe---Schools closed and many children on
  both sides joined the front lines to fight or
  worked as spies (age 14-15)

5
The New Order In Asia

• 1. Japan hoped to use its newly conquered
  countries as sources of raw materials such as
  tin, oil, and rubber (market for Japanese goods)
• 2. Japanese slogans were Asia for the
  Asiatics---they contacted anticolonialist forces
  and promised them that local governments would be
  set up under Japanese control (Burma, the Dutch
  East Indies, Vietnam, and the Philippines)---each
  was ran by Japanese military and the local people
  were forced to work
• 3. In Vietnam, the Japanese took rice from the
  people and one million of them starved to death
  in 1944 and 1945

6
Japanese Respect

• 1. At first, many of the Southeast Asian
  nationalists cooperated with the Japanese but
  their attitudes changed through the arrogance and
  contempt for local customs (no respect for the
  culture) --- ie Buddhist pagodas in Burma were
  used as military latrines
• 2. The Japanese were like the Germans, they had
  little respect for the lives of people in
  occupied countries---In Nanjing and in China the
  Japenese soldiers looted the city and killed and
  raped its people (12,000 Allied P.O.W.s died
  while constructing the Burma-Thailand railway in
  1943)
• 3. Nationalist in occupied countries were
  conflicted because they did not want the former
  colonial powers to return but they did not like
  the Japanese either----Ho Chi Minh in French
  Indochina turned against the Japanese and worked
  with the Allies