Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day

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• Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day

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Yom HaShoah Program

• Overview of the Holocaust
• Development of Yom HaShoah
• Exploring Gevurah Heroism
• Faces of Heroism
• Jewish Resistance
• Righteous Gentiles
• Standing up for what is right
• Lighting of memorial candles
• El Malei Rachamim
• Hatikvah

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Holocaust Overview

• The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored
  persecution and murder of approximately six
  million Jews by the Nazi regime
• The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in
  January 1933, believed that Germans were
  "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed
  "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called
  German racial community
• Most European Jews lived in countries that Nazi
  Germany would occupy or influence during World
  War II
• By 1945, the Germans and their collaborators
  killed nearly two out of every three European
  Jews as part of the "Final Solution," the Nazi
  policy to murder the Jews of Europe

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Holocaust Overview

• Between 1941 and 1944, Nazi German authorities
  deported millions of Jews from Germany, from
  occupied territories, and from the countries of
  many of its Axis allies to ghettos, concentration
  camps, and to killing centers often called
  extermination camps
• The Germans and their collaborators killed as
  many as 1.5 million children, including over a
  million Jewish children and tens of thousands of
  Romani children, German children with physical
  and mental disabilities living in institutions,
  Polish children, and children residing in the
  occupied Soviet Union

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Development of Yom HaShoah

• In 1951, just a few years after the Holocaust,
  the Knesset proposed creating a day of
  remembrance on the twenty-seventh of Nissan
• On this day, Jews would remember the death of six
  million people and pay tribute to the heroes who
  tried helping the Jews
• This day would be called Yom haShoah uMered
  haGetaot, Holocaust and Ghetto Uprising
  Remembrance Day.
• The date was chosen because of its proximity to
  the date of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, as well
  as other tragedies during the war

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Development of Yom Hashoah

• Ten years later, in 1961, the Knesset passed laws
  defining the customs of the day a two minute
  nationwide silence, assemblies and ceremonies,
  lowering flags to half-mast, radio broadcasts
  focusing exclusively on Holocaust themes, and
  closing all places of entertainment.
• Other customs include the study of Torah, the
  recitation of Kaddish and El Maleh Rachamim, and
  programs to bring people back to religion

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Development of Yom Hashoah

• A name change also took place changing it from
  remembering the Warsaw uprising to remembering
  all of heroism. We have to remember that not all
  of Europe were evil and there was the need to
  honour those who helped the Jews.
• This day would now be called Yom haShoah
  veHagevurah, Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance
  Day.

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????? - Heroism

• Resistance to the Nazis took many forms
• Military
• Spiritual
• Civic
• Both Jews and non-Jews displayed bravery and
  heroism in resisting the Nazis.
• Non-Jews who resisted are called Righteous
  Gentiles - ????? ????? ?????

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????? - Heroism

• The term Righteous Gentiles is a term of honour
  used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews
  who risked their lives during the Holocaust to
  save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.
• As of 1 January 2011, 23,788 men and women from
  45 countries have been recognized as Righteous
  among the Nations, representing over 10,000
  authenticated rescue stories.

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• Jewish Resistance

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Janusz Korczak

• Janusz was a very successful physician, and
  children books authorand even had his on radio
  show.
• Janusz was very popular by both Jews and no Jews
  living in Poland. In addition to his writing, he
  ran an orphanage with 200 Jewish children in it,
  in Poland.  The orphanage was in the Warsaw
  Ghetto.
• Because of his fame, he was offered many
  different times by Polish authorities to escape
  from Nazi-occupied Europe. He refused the offer,
  and continued his work with the orphanage.
• He walked with his children to the Treblinka
  concentration camp where he and all of the 200
  children where murdered.

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Chana Senesh

• Hannah was born to a Hungarian Jewish family in
  1921and was executed by the Nazis in 1944 at a
  young age of 23.
• Prior to the war, in 1939 Hanna Senesh emigrated
  to Palestine to studied agriculture
• When Hannah heard about the Jews in Europe being
  placed in concentration camps, she went to
  Britain and offered to serve to fighting against.
  
• In 1943 Hanna joined the British Army and
  volunteered to be parachuted into Europe  She was
  captured soon after parachuting in.
• Hanna wrote famous poems, the best known poem
  Eli, Eli (my God, my God.) 

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Rabbi Klonymus Kalman Shapira

• The rebbe of the Warsaw Ghetto
• Also known as the Piaseztner Rebbe
• Well known for writing, Aish Kodesh - Holy Fire,
  which he wrote this while in the Warsaw Ghetto
  from 1940-1942
• He also ran a secret synagogue in the Warsaw
  Ghetto. In the synagogue he arranged mikveh
  immersions and kosher marriages
• Inspired people to keep faith in Hashem
• Murdered on November 3, 1943 by Nazis, in
  Trawlinki

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Mordechai Anielewicz

• Leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
• He was a leader and organizer since he was young
• Prior to 1940, he was a professional underground
  activist
• When the major deportation to the death camps
  began in 1943, Mordechai helped organize the
  resistance to the Nazis, and for 12 weeks, a
  small group of fighters fought off the Nazis.
• On May 8, he was killed in his bunker.
• In Israel today, a kibbutz Yad Mordechai is
  named in his memory.

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• Righteous Gentiles

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Irena Sendler

• Saved more than 2,500 children during WWII
• Working as a tradesman in the Warsaw Ghetto,
  Irena managed over time to smuggle many children
  out of the Ghetto
• These children were placed with Polish families,
  orphanages and convents
• She buried lists of their real names in jars in
  order to keep track of their original and new
  identities.
• She was caught and beaten severely
• After the war, she dug up the jars and attempted
  to find the children and return them to their
  parents. However, almost all of their parents
  had been killed at the Treblinka extermination
  camp or had otherwise gone missing
• Passed away in 2008

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Raoul Wallenberg

• A Swedish diplomat who worked in Budapest,
  Hungary, during World War II to rescue Jews from
  the Holocaust. Between July and December 1944, he
  issued protective passports and housed Jews in
  buildings established as Swedish territory,
  saving tens of thousands of lives
• When Soviet forces liberated Budapest in February
  1945, more than 100,000 Jews remained, mostly
  because of the efforts of Wallenberg and his
  colleagues.
• When the Soviets entered Budapest, he was called
  into detention he was never seen form again

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Chiune Sugihara

• Sugihara served as a Consul General of Japan in
  Prague, Czechoslovakia, from March 1941 to late
  1942.
• During world war 2, he helped several thousand
  Jews leave the country by issuing transit visas
  to Jewish refugees so that they could travel to
  Japan who were mostly refugees from German Poland
  and Lithuania
• Chuine Sugihara helped 6,000 Jewish refugees go
  to the to Japanese territory
• In 1985, Israel honored him as Righteous among
  the nations for his actions.

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Oskar Schindler

• Schindler employed Jewish workers who resided in
  the nearby Krakow ghetto. At its high point in
  1944, he employed 1,700 workers at least 1,000
  were Jewish forced laborers, whom the Germans had
  relocated from the Krakow ghetto
• Although the prisoners at his factory were still
  subject to the brutal conditions of the Plaszow
  concentration camp, Schindler intervened
  repeatedly on their behalf, through bribes and
  personal diplomacy to ensure, until late 1944,
  that the SS did not deport his Jewish workers
• Schindler died in Germany, penniless and almost
  unknown, in October 1974

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"In Germany they came first for the Communists,
and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a
Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I
didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they
came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak
up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they
came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up
because I was a Protestant. Then they came for
me, and by that time no one was left to speak
up."

• Pastor Martin Niemöller

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El Malei Rachamim

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