History of Anti-Semitism

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History of Anti-Semitism

• and the Roots of the Holocaust

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What do you know about the following

• Judaism
• Anti-Semitism
• Pogroms
• Ghettos
• The Holocaust

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Jewish Beliefs

• Judaism predates Christianity
• One God (same God as Christians Muslims)
• In prophets of old especially Moses
• In Torah (first five books of the Bible)
• no New Testament
• Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more
  than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000
  years ago
• Jews still await their messiah

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Quick History of Judaism

• In 1750 B.C.E - The12 tribes of Israel settled
  in Egypt from Mesopotamia.
• In 1250 B.C.E , the Israelites led by Moses,
  escaped from Egypt and lived in the desert for 40
  years.

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Quick History of Judaism

• Joshua and the Israelites defeated the
  Philistines living in Canaan.
• Later, Saul was anointed the first King of Israel
  1020- 1000 B.C.E

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Quick History of Judaism

• The kingdom of Israel reached the height of its
  existence and included the most territory under
  the reign of King David (1000961 B.C.E).
• Its borders stretched far beyond present-day
  Israeli borders and included parts of what is now
  Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt.

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Conquests

• Jerusalem was conquered many times
• 605 B.C.E by Nebuchadnezzar II
• 320 B.C.E by Alexander the Great
• 70 B.C.E. Pompey the Great

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Death of Jesus

• A hundred years later the Romans still occupied
  Jerusalem and the situation was not much improved
  when, Jesus, a Jew from Nazareth, began his
  ministry and travels in Palestine.
• Although Jesus' death had been ordered and
  carried out by non-Jews, most Christians believed
  that the Jews and their priests were responsible.
  

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Diaspora

• Diaspora is a Greek word meaning sowing of seed
  or dispersal which refers to Jewish population
  living outside of Israel

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Heart of Anti-Semitism?
DiasporaWidespread Christianity Belief that
Jews killed JesusWidespread rumor and distrust
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Anti-Judaism

• St. Paul later proclaimed that the Jews "killed
  the Lord Jesus and the prophets and drove us out,
  the Jews who are heedless of God's will and
  enemies of their fellow men..." (I Thessalonians
  215-16)
• St. Augustine wrote that Jews were a "wicked
  sect" and should be subjected to permanent exile
  because of their evil ways.
• John the author of the book of Revelations even
  called them the children of Satan.

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Anti-Judaism
Church vs.. Synagogue

• Laws were passed throughout the Christian world
  to "protect" the "faithful" from Jewish
  "contamination" by forbidding them to eat or do
  business with Jews,
• by the sixth century, Jews were not allowed to
  hold public office, employ Christian servants, or
  even show themselves in the streets during Holy
  Week

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Anti-Judaism

• Host Desecration
• It was claimed that Jews stole consecrated hosts
  (bread and wine) and desecrated them by stabbing
  or burning the host.
• by crucifying the host they were crucifying Jesus
  anew.

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Anti-Judaism
Nazi portrayal of Blood Libel

• Blood Libel
• a myth that the Jews used the blood of Christian
  children in the preparation of their Passover
  bread (matzos).
• This "blood libel" was ironic in that the
  consumption of any blood is expressly prohibited
  by Jewish law.

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Anti-Judaism

• Simon of Trent was a boy who went missing around
  Easter, 1475, his father decided that he must
  have been kidnapped and murdered by Jews.
• Town magistrates arrested 18 Jewish men and five
  Jewish women on the charge of ritual murder.
• In a series of interrogations that involved
  torture, the magistrates obtained confessions
• Eight were burned at the stake in late June, and
  another committed suicide in jail

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The Crusades

• The First Crusade was especially bloody.
• Entire communities of Jews were forced to choose
  between baptism or death resulting in nearly
  10,000 Jews being slaughtered during the first
  six months alone.
• Godfrey Bouillon, leader of the First Crusade,
  vowed "to leave no single member of the Jewish
  race alive," and ordered the synagogue in
  Jerusalem burned to the ground with its entire
  Jewish congregation trapped inside.

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The Black Death
Jews condemned to hell

• The Black Death was blamed on the Jews.
• The Pope issued a bull declaring that Jews were
  not responsible for the plague, but not before
  many Jews were burned alive or hanged by enraged
  mobs.

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Martin Luther and the Jews

• Once a supporter of the Jews, Martin Luther
  became one of the most intensely bitter
  anti-Semites in history.
• His writings described Jews as
• the anti-Christ, worse than devils.
• as ritual murderers and parasites
• they should be expelled from Germany.
• synagogues should all be burned to the ground
• all Jewish books should be seized.

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Roots of the Holocaust

• By the end of the fifteenth century, some Jews
  were forcibly confined in ghettos.
• Ghettos were sections of cities that were
  enclosed by high, prison-like walls.
• No Jew was allowed to live anywhere in the city
  of Venice for more than 15 days per year

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Roots of the Holocaust
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Roots of the Holocaust

• With forced segregation came new myths and
  stereotypes.
• Jews were portrayed as agents of the devil.
• They were blamed for every catastrophe from
  random crime to plague and drought.
• Artists portrayed Jews as having horns, tails,
  and evil satanic faces.
• Christian priests and scholars often elaborated
  on the idea that Jews were evil creatures who
  were somehow less than human.

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Roots of the Holocaust
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Roots of the Holocaust

• Jews were allowed to become moneylenders only
  because the Catholic Church considered it (usury)
  a sin for Christians to do so.
• Because Jews had few other ways of earning a
  living, large numbers of them eventually became
  bankers.
• This resulted in a stereotyping of Jews as
  money-hungry exploiters.

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Roots of the Holocaust
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Roots of the Holocaust

• By the thirteenth century, church leaders in what
  is now Germany required all Jews to wear
  cone-shaped hats so that no one would mistake
  them from ordinary Germans.
• Jews were forced to sew yellow badges on their
  clothing as a means of instant identification.

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Roots of the Holocaust
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Roots of the Holocaust

• Over time, most Jews were driven from central
  Europe. Many of them settled in Poland and
  Russia.
• In 1648 and 1649, thousands of Polish Jews were
  slaughtered.
• During the late 1800's, in both Poland and
  Russia, Jews were murdered in organized mass
  killings called pogroms.

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The Final Solution
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The Final Solution
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The Final Solution
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Quick Write 26

• Men are not born with hatred in their blood. The
  infection is usually acquired by contact it may
  be injected deliberately or even unconsciously by
  the parents, or by the teachers...
• Consider the quote above, what you have learned
  about the holocaust, and what you have learned in
  history class this year. Explain why it is
  important to learn about the past.