Domain: Eukarya Kingdom:

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Domain EukaryaKingdom
FUNGI
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Fungi overview

• Basic Characteristics
• Important ecologically
• Phyletic groups
• Lichen and Mutualism
• Amys little tidbits of wisdom

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Basic Characteristics

• Heterotrophic absorbers
• Saprophytes
• Some unicellular but others multicellular with
  hyphae
• Hyphae divided by septum
• Chitinous cell walls
• Filaments make up mycelium
• Rhizoids anchor
• Sexual and Asexual reproduction

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Sexual and Asexual reproduction

• Sexual
• Three phases
• Plasmogamy N N
• Karyogamy ? 2N
• Mieosis 2N
• Asexual
• Spores from sporangia and specialized hyphal
  cells called conidia
• Fragmentation
• Dispersal by air or water

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Ecological Importance

• Present everywhere
• Many lifestyles
• Decomposers
• Symbionts
• Pathogens
• Parasites
• Medicinal uses

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Common food spoilage
Decomposers
Rust
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Phyletic groups

• Four phyletic groups
• Chytridomycota
• Zygomycota
• Ascomycota
• Basidiomycota
• One polyphyletic group
• Deuteromycetes

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Chytridiomycota

• Predominately aquatic
• Glycogen stores
• Coenocytic
• Motile cells gametes and zoospores
• Anchoring rhizoids
• Pathogens and saprophytes

Coenocytic membrane- many nuclei, but no
partitions in between the cells
NUCLEUS
CELLS
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Zygomycota

• Zygosporangia and zygospores
• Coenocytic hyphae
• Streaming cytoplasm
• Pathogens
• Parasites, saprophytes, symbionts with
  endomicrorhyzae

Rhizopus sporangium
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Zygomycota Bread molds mmm
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Ascomycotasac fungi

• 75 of fungi
• Ascus, ascopsores
• Dikaryotic hyphae
• Ascogonium and antheridium
• Molds, yeasts, edible truffles
• Lichens

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Up close and personal with the Ascus
Ascospores
Asci
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More Asci fun!!!
Why are there 8 ascospores in each ascus?
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Ascomycota Lifecycle
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Basidiomycota

• Basidiospores and basidium
• 37 of true fungi
• Most recognizable
• Edible
• Molds, smuts
• Symbionts, parasitic
• Sori pack of spores

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Cross section of basidioma
Hyphae stalk
Spores
Gills
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Gill
Basidiospores
A close-up of a Basidiomycota gill and clusters
of basidospores This is part of the sexual
reproduction before karyogamy
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DeuteromycetesThe imperfect fungi

• Life cycles unknown or lost
• Penicillin, athletes foot, ring worm
• Reproduction by conidia
• Most like Ascomycota
• terrestrial, free living saprobes, parasitic

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Lichens Im Lichen It!

• Ms. Algae and Mr. Fungi got together and started
  to Lichen each other. But soon, their
  relationship was on the Rocks!
• Seriously Folks
• Important Symbiotic Relationship
• Algae Photosynthesize
• Fungi Absorb Nutrients, Protection, Anchorage
  Function
• First Step in Erosion? Soil Makers
• Crustose, Foilose, Fruticose Shapes
• AMAZING REGENERATIVE PROPERTIES

Fruticose lichen
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Mutualistic Relationships

• Mycorrhizae Fungi Root
• Form Relationships with Plants to Increase Water
  Uptake!
• Mycorrihizae Fungi Also Protect Plant from
  pathogenic Fungi and Nematodes
• In exchange, Fungi receive food as payment
• Very Important For Plants Survival

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Amys Little Tidbits of Wisdom

• Mushrooms are yummy
• Edible mushrooms arent in your backyard only in
  the stores
• Why is the bread green?

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Truffles are not chocolate
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If you see a fairy ring dance inside (dont
eat).
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The FungalsAnne, Amybeth, Allison

• The Triple A Threat!
• Coming to a lab near you!!
• Yes, I mean you. You are reading this arent you?