Domain Eukarya

1
Green Algae

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Plantae
• Phylum Chlorophyta

2
Looking Back at Bio 115

• The Organism as a Unit of Life

Cellular Structure (cell unit of life)one or
many! Metabolism Homeostasis (PSN, Resp, N2fix,
ferment, etc.) Growth irreversible change in
size Reproductionfailure extinction Acclimatiza
tion-short term responses behavior Adaptation-lo
ng term responses evolution
3
Shifting Kingdoms
Lumpers
Splitters
Plantae
Protista
Plantae
2 3 5 6 8
Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria
Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Archaebacteria
Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans
Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids
Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes
Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae
Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae
Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae
Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds
True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi
Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes
Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes
Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans
Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans
Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals Multicellular Animals
4
How Many Kingdoms?
Extant
Multicellular Animals
Slime Molds
Archezoans
Archaebacteria
Myxozoans
Protozoans
Bryophytes
True Fungi
Chrysophytes
Tracheophytes
Euglenoids
Brown Algae
Bacteria
Red algae
Green Algae
Kingdom Plantae is a clade
Extinct
Long Time with Prokaryotes only
Original Cell
5
Chlamydomonas
http//universe-review.ca/I10-23-chlamydomonas.jpg
6
Chlamydomonas cells of opposite mating type join
in syngamy to form a zygote which develops a
thick wall as a hypnospore. Upon return to better
conditions, the zygote undergoes meiosis and
releases flagellated cells of both mating types.
http//www.biology.wustl.edu/faculty/images/gooden
oughcaption.jpg
7
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
http//www.unap.cl/cbrieba/common/chlamydomonas.j
pg
8
Zygnemataceae

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Plantae
• Phylum Chlorophyta

9
Outgroup for your cladogram Chlorella
http//www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/JK/algalweb/c
hlorell-b2.jpg
starch
10
Closterium
Mesotaenium
11
Netrium
12
Staurastrum
Cosmarium
13
Micrasterias
Euastrum
14
Zygnema
15
Mougeotia
16
Spirogyra
17
Cosmarium zygotes
18
Life Cycle of Cosmarium
http//www.isis.de/members/ralfwagner/Bilder/Cosm
arium_tetraophthalmus.jpg
19
Ulva lactuca thallus
http//bio59000.free.fr/Photosbio59000/Biovegetale
/Algues/Ulva20lactuca.gif
20
Ulva life cycle
There are three isomorphic thalli
isogametes
Some species of Ulva are anisogamous.
settles on substrate
1N
2N
Gametophytes
Sporophyte
settle on substrate
holdfast
sporocyte
Since they are motile, they are also called
zoospores.
The life cycle is
v
sporic diplohaplontic gametic
diplontic zygotic haplontic
The meiospores made by the sporophyte are of two
mating types.
21
Codium
http//massbay.mit.edu/exoticspecies/exoticmaps/im
ages/codium_big.jpg
22
The life cycle is
Codium Life Cycle
sporic diplohaplontic gametic
diplontic zygotic haplontic
v
1N
2N
Sporophytes 2 sexes
anisogametes
holdfast
sporangium
sporocytes
zoospores
23
Oedogonium thallus
http//www.plingfactory.de/Science/GruKlaOeko/Teic
hleben/Algen/Oedogonium20sp..jpg
24
Oedogonium
Here the filaments are out of focus. The asexual
zoospore is in focus.
http//www.botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Chloro
phyta/Oedogonium_Images/Zoospore_MC.low.jpg
25
Oogonium
http//www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/page/1810/Oedo
gonium.gif
26
Oedogonium
This is the zoospore, or maybe it is the sperm.
Both have the same look!
http//www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/fo44/1
8.jpg
When both oogonium and antheridium appear on the
same filament the alga is homothallic.
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Oedogonium Life Cycle
Since antheridia and oogonia are on the same
filaments, this species is homothallic.
zygote (hypnospore) (in oogonium)
sperm
empty antheridia
1N
2N
egg (in oogonium)
chemotaxis
Vegetative zoospores can clone the gametophyte
The zygote divides meiotically to release 4
zoospores.
Zoospores settle down with a holdfast and grow
into a filament.
This life cycle is haplontic (zygotic).