WWI 1914-1918

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WWI 1914-1918
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The Two Sides

• Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire

• Allied Powers
• England, France, Russia, United States (1917),
  Italy, Serbia,

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New TechnologyGuns

• The Machine Gun
• It was used by both sides, hundreds of rounds a
  minute could be shot by one person.

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TechnologyChemical Weapons

• WWI was the first major war to use chemical
  weapons
• Mustard Gas and Chlorine Gas were the two most
  popular weapons They caused suffocation,
  blindness, and death. Over 91,000 died from
  poison gas

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• Soldiers would protect themselves using Gas Masks

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TechnologyThe U-boat (Submarine)

• Germanys secret weapon during the war
• Sank dozens of British ships, controlled the
  oceans.

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TechnologyAirpower

• Both sides used aircraft for observation, limited
  bombing, and air battles
• Airplanes were slow, clumsy, and unreliable,

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TechnologyTanks
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TechnologyTanks
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Trench Warfare

• Both sides dug long trenches that faced each
  other. The trenches ran for miles.
• From time to time, one side would attempt to
  cross the No-Mans Land the area in between the
  trenches.
• Trench warfare made WWI extend from a few months
  of fighting to four years of fighting.
• Resulted in a STALEMATE

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War on the Homefront

• Govt took over factories to make Military goods
• All had to work (Women took place of men in
  factories)
• Food Administration encouraged people to limit
  consumption of food and resources/goods necessary
  for the war effort
• Propaganda- one-sided information to keep support
  for the war

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What did the US do to help?

• US provided the food, money, and fresh troops
  needed to win the war

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How did the War affect the US?

• Women

• African Americans

• Women filled Factory jobs
• Led to the 19th Amendment after the War ( women
  got the right to vote)

• African American soldiers served in segregated
  units
• Great Migration Thousands of African Americans
  moved north for factory jobs.

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John J. Pershing leads American Forces in Europe

• American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
• General John J. Pershing
• First major action in spring 1918

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Turning Point of the War

• The Battle of the Argonne Forest

• One of the greatest American battles of the war.
• AEF shattered the German offences and opened a
  hole in German lines.

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Alvin York

• American hero, deeply religious, drafted at 29,
  he fought in the Battle of the Argonne forest.
  He killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners.

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Ending the War (1918)

• 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in
  1918 Germany agrees to a cease-fire