World War I: 1914-1918

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World War I1914-1918
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Formation of European AlliancesCentral Powers

• Three Emperors league Germany, AH, Russia, 1873
• When Bismarck dismissed as Chancellor in 1890,
  Germany did not renew alliance with Russia
• Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
  Italy)
• Germany Under Bismarck afraid of French war of
  revenge from Franco-Prussian War
• 1879 (Dual Alliance) Wants to isolate France by
  forming alliances with Austria and Hungary
• 1882 (Triple Alliance) Italy joins the alliance
  because Italy hates France over Imperialism in
  Africa (France had taken Tunisia in 1881, which
  Italy wanted)
• Weakness was that historically, Italy hated
  Austria-Hungary

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Bismarcks Nightmare-The Two Front War
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Triple Entente (France, GB, Russia)

• France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany
• 1894 France formed a Dual Alliance with Russia
• 1904-GB makes a treaty with France- called the
  Entente Cordiale
• 1907-France makes a treaty with GB AND Russia,
  called the Triple Entente

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Europe Divided -1907

• CENTRAL POWERS Triple Alliance- Germany,
  Austria-Hungary, and Italy
• ALLIES Triple Entente- Britain,
  France, and Russia
• Equal Balance of Power, believed that this would
  maintain peace

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Crises Preceding WWI

• Moroccan Crisis of 1905 Germany pledged support
  for revolution in Morocco against France, France
  not wanting war forced to
• Acknowledge independence of Morocco
• Had special interest in Morocco
• Moroccan Crisis of 1911 Germany challenged
  Frances attempt to make Morocco a protectorate
• Germany withdrew objections upon receiving a
  piece of French Congo
• Moroccan Crises
• GB and France closer together, as GB supported
  France
• Intensified hostility between Central Powers and
  Entente

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Balkan Crisis of 1912-1913Powder Keg of Europe

• Russia supported expansion of Serbia, four
  nations (with Russian approval)-Serbia,
  Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece- seized
  territory from Turkey
• A-H formed Albania to block Serbia from sea which
  showed
• A-H opposition to Russian interference
• A-Hs fear of a powerful Serbia
• Results
• Russia and Serbia closer together
• Hatred of Russian and Serbia for A-H

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Powder Keg explodes

• Serbian nationalists wanted the breakup of
  Austria-Hungary
• 1914, Serbian nationalist (Gavrillo Princep of
  terrorist group Black Hand) assassinated Archduke
  Franz Ferdinand, heir to A-H
• Took place in Sarajevo, Serbian populated portion
  of A-H
• Several Serbian government officials had been
  aware of the plot, no one warned Austria

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Chain Reaction

• A-H was encouraged by the German emperor, William
  II who was guaranteed of a blank check, or
  total German support of whatever Austria-Hungary
  would do
• A-H issued an Ultimatum to Serbia
• Stop Anti-Austrian Propaganda
• Dismiss Anti-Austrian officials
• Permit A-H to investigate the Assassination
  within Serbia
• Serbia Agreed to all but the last (felt by
  agreeing they would go under A-H rule)

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Everyone gets involved

• A-H Declares war on Serbia
• Russia begins mobilizing to come to Serbias aid
• Germany, afraid of a two front war, declared war
  on both Russia and France
• Germany moved its armies across Belgium (neutral)
  to France
• Britain angered and fearful of having Germany in
  Belgium declared war on Germany

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Underlying Causes of World War I

• Militarism-glorified war and caused leaders to
  prepare armed forces for conflict
• Alliance System-divided European continent into 2
  rival groups of nations
• Imperialism-thrust European colonies into fierce
  competition to gain colonies, new markets, and
  new sources of raw material
• Nationalism-spurred major European nations to
  extend their territory awakened movements for
  independence among minor nationalities, such as
  the Serbs (Balkans)

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Major Leaders to Watch in WW I

• Kaiser Wilhelm II-Germany

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Major Leaders to Watch

• David Lloyd George- Britain

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Major Leaders to Watch

• Tsar Nicholas II-Russia

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Major Leaders to Watch

• Woodrow Wilson-USA

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Major Leaders to Watch

• George Clemenceau-France

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Major Leaders of WW I Biographical Sketch

• Pick one of the 5 major leaders, do a Bio-sketch.
  Include all of the following information
• Birthplace and year
• Childhood
• Education
• Major Achievements
• Occupation leading into War
• Motives for entering war
• Role in the War
• Role at the outcome of War
• Include at least 1 picture, and a summary
  paragraph. Attach a copy of your source
  information if it is from the internet. Properly
  document sources

Due Monday, March 19