The World of Islam

1
The World of Islam
Chapter 3 Section 1 Pages 89-95
2
World of Islam
3
(No Transcript)
4
The Founding of Islam
Prophet Muhammad ( Mohammed ) 570 - 632
610 Muhammad was sought out and began to have
visions from Allah (Arabic name for God)
Through the angel Gabriel Allah transmitted the
entire Quran (Koran) to Muhammad
5
When Muhammad began to preach his new religion he
was strongly opposed by the rulers of Makkah
(Mecca)
In 622 was asked to come and rule Madinah
(Medina), accepted when they agreed he was the
Prophet and he could bring his followers, this
became known as the hijra
Year 1 of the Islamic Calendar starts with the
hijra in 622.
The rulers of Makkah continued to harass Muhammad
and his followers finally in 630 Muhammad
defeated the leaders of Makkah and he ruled it too
Muhammad dies in 632
6
Facts about Islam
Quran word of Allah, transmitted to Muhammad from
610 till his death in 632, the angel taught it
sura by sura to Muhammad
7
The Quran is always written in Arabic, Arabic is
read the opposite Of English. It is read right to
left.
8
Hadith Collected stories and sayings of and
about the Prophet Muhammad, not to be confused
with the Quran.
9
The Five Pillars of Islam
Shahadah the Muslim statement of Faith, say it
with the intent Of becoming a Muslim and one is
a Muslim
There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his
Prophet
10
Prayer or salat, five times a day. The prayer
comes at designated Times, one can pray where
ever they are or in the Mosque
A Muslim always prays towards Makkah
11
Almsgiving or zakat, obligatory poor tax.
12
Fasting or sawm, all healthy and sane Muslims are
expected to abstain from eating,
drinking,smoking or other bodily pleasures during
daylight hours of the Islamic month of Ramadan
13
Pilgrimage or Hajj, all Muslims that can afford
it and are in good health are expected to travel
to Makkah and pray at the Kaba, at least once in
their life time.
14
Jihad There are two types of Jihad. The Lesser
Jihad is the expectation that Moslems will
defend their homeland and Islam from attack. The
Greater Jihad is the inner battle which Moslems
continually fight within themselves to submit to
Allah and to fulfill his expectations of humans.

To most Westerners a jihad is a Holy War
15
The three Holy Cities of Islam
Jerusalem
Makkah
Madinah
16
(No Transcript)
17
Islamic Sects
Sunni Islam Larger Branch of Islam some 80 to
85
The Sunnis believe that Muhammad did not appoint
a successor, thus the Muslims must appoint one
themselves, this led the the establishment of
the position of Caliphate. This position took
over Muhammads Worldly powers but was NOT a
spiritual successor.
18
Shiite Islam Smaller Sect of Islam about 15
Shiites believe that Muhammad appointed a
successor. This successor was to be of
Muhammads blood line and was to take both
Muhammads Worldly Powers and his Spiritual
Powers. They would be known as Imam or Ayatollah.
19
Islamic Empires and the West
Arab Empires 622-750
Palestine Holy Lands
Iberian Peninsula
France Battle of Tours 732
Byzantine Empire
Issues Controlled Trade Routes, Holy Lands,
threatened to conquer Europe itself.
Save ideas (Greeks and Romans), advanced
Civilization, i.e. zero, algebra
20
Seljuk Turks
Threaten Byzantine Empire
Crusades reawakening of Europe
The Mongols
21
The Ottoman Turks
Byzantine Empire All trade routes to the
East Constantinople falls in1453
Siege of Vienna 1529 Ottoman Empires high water
mark Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
Battle of Lapanto 1571 off Western Greece Holy
League vs. Turks "Sempiternal Enemy of the
Christian". Last battle in World history between
solely rowing ships. Stopped the Navel threat to
the Western Mediterranean