Islam-Submission to Allah

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Ch. 11 The Muslim World (622-1629)

• Cultures Trade in and around Asia
• Between 400 and 1500, cultures of Asia, Africa,
  and Europe came into closer contact with one
  another.
• Land and sea trade routes helped link distant
  areas. Trade and travel increased.
• Conquering armies spread cultures from one
  region to another.
• The spread of religions such as Christianity,
  Islam and Buddhism united large regions.

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Islam emerged in Arabia in the 600s and grew into
a major world religion.

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ISLAM Submission to the Will of Allah
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Islam?An Abrahamic Religion

• Muslims are strict monotheists.
• They believe in the Judeo- Christian God,
  which they call Allah.
• Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible,
  like the Quran, is the word of God.

People of the Book
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Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
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The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
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The Qur'an God's Last Revelation
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Early History of Islam

• Islam was founded in present day Saudi Arabia in
  the 600s C.E.
• Muhammad was a successful merchant in Mecca, who
  was upset that people were worshipping idols
  (pagan statues) and were corrupt.
• When he was 40 he went to a desert cave and
  meditated.
• The angel, Gabriel, visited him in the desert and
  told him to do Gods work.

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• Muhammad received the word of God and with
  encouragement from his wife (Khadija) started to
  devote the rest of his life to spread Islam.
• Many people did not like him in and in 622 C.E.
  he fled Mecca with his followers to Medina.
• 622 C.E. became the first year in the Muslim
  calendar.

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• In 630 C.E. Muhammad returned to Mecca and was
  successful in taking over the city.
• Muhammad worked to unite the Arabs under Islam.
• Muhammad died in 632 C.E.

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The Origins of the Quran

• Muhammad received his first revelation from the
  angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
• 622 ? Hijrah ? Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina.
  The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1
  A.H.)
• Muhammads revelations were compiled into the
  Quran after his death.

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Sacred Text

• The Quran Muslims believe it contains the
  word of God.
• 114 suras (chapters).
• In the name of Allah, the compassionate,
  the merciful.
• Written in Arabic.

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The Five Pillars of Islam
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1. The Shahada
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• The profession of faith

There is no god worthy of worship except God,
andMuhammad is HisMessenger or Prophet.
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2. The Salat
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• The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day
  dawn noon mid-afternoon
  sunset late evening
• Wash before praying.
• Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

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• The call to prayer is sung by the muezzin from
  the minaret, roof or doorway of the mosque.
• The noon prayer must take place in a mosque only
  on Friday, the Muslim holy day.

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3. The Zakat
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• Almsgiving (charitable donations).
• Muslims believe that all things belong to
  God.
• Zakat means both purification and growth.
• About 2.5 of your income.

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4. The Sawm
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• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, 9th
  month of Islamic calendar.
• Considered a method of self purification.
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset
  during Ramadan.

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5. The Hajj
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• The pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Must be done at least once in a Muslims
  lifetime.
• 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage
  every year.

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Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Two main sects of Islam

• Sunnis
• Majority
• Believe that successors to Muhammad should be
  chosen by elected consensus.

• Shiites
• Minority
• Believe Muslim leaders should be descendants of
  Muhammads son-in-law, Ali.

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The Mosque

• The Muslim place of worship.

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The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock is where Muhammad ascended into
heaven.
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• The Arabic word for mosque is masjid, which means
  place of prostration.
• Prostration is the placement of the body in a
  submissive position.
• Any open area may be used as a place of prayer
  and referred to as a masjid.
• No human or divine images, no stain glass,
  statues of angels or Muhammad.

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Prayer Hall
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Other Islamic Religious Practices

• No alcohol or pork.
• No gambling.
• Sharia ? body of Islamic law to
  regulate daily living.
• Three holiest cities in Islam Mecca,
  Medina, Jerusalem.

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Essential Question
Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and
convert so many to the new religion?
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The Spread of Islam

• Easy to learn and practice.
• No priesthood.
• Teaches equality.
• Non-Muslims, who were People of the Book, were
  allowed religious freedom, but paid additional
  taxes.
• Easily portable ? nomads trade routes.
• Jihad (Holy War) against pagans and other
  non-believers (infidels).

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Muslims in the World Today
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Countries with the Largest Muslim Populations
1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000

• Arabs make up only 20 of the total Muslim
  population of the world.
• 1.3 billion Muslim people on the planet!

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Muslims in America
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Islamic Cultural Center of New York City opened
April 15, 1991
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Traditional Clothing

• MEN
• Long-sleeve tunic over baggy pants or a loose
  fitting gown
• Head cap
• Trimmed beard and mustache

• WOMEN
• Long skirt or loose fitting pants, long sleeves,
  head cover over the neck and shoulders
• Some more extremist countries require a head veil
  but not all

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