Chapter 11 The Islamic World

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Chapter 11The Islamic World

• Section 1
• The Rise of
• Islam

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Arabia Its Geography People

• The Arabian Peninsula is bordered on the south by
  the Arabian Sea, the Syrian Desert in the north,
  the Persian Gulf in the east and the Red Sea in
  the west
• Except for the strips along the gulf most of the
  Arabian Peninsula in desert
• Because of the climate and geography, most early
  Arabs were nomadic herders called bedouins
• The bedouins were separated into tribes the
  leaders of these tribes were called Sheikhs
• Areas along the coast were heavily populated and
  used as ports. From there the goods were
  transported to the city of Mecca
• Mecca was important because it was on a trade
  route to Syria

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Mecca
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The Prophet Muhammad

• At the age of 40 a man from Mecca named Muhammad
  said that the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) told him
  that he was to be a prophet of God (Allah)
• Muhammads teachings clashed with Arab powers
  because it was monotheistic
• Every year Arab pilgrims came to Mecca to worship
  at the Kaaba- a stone building filled with
  idols
• Rulers feared that Muhammads teachings of one
  god might stop the pilgrimages. They began
  harassing Muhammad and him followers
• Eventually Muhammad and his followers looked for
  a more accepting place

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Kaaba
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Continued

• In A.D. 622 Muhammad and his followers settled in
  the town of Yathrib which later became known as
  Medina and became the first base of Islam
• Their journey from Mecca to Yathrib is known as
  the hijrah
• Muhammad gained followers in great numbers,
  increasing tensions between Mecca and Medina
• Several years of war ensued until finally Mecca
  surrendered
• Muhammad went back to Mecca and destroyed the
  idols in the Kaaba and made it a holy place to
  the worship of the One God, Allah
• Islam spread across Arabia and the Middle East
  and into North Africa

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Medina today
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The Faith of Islam

• In Arabic the word Islam means submission to the
  will of God Followers of Islam are called
  Muslims
• The holy book of Islam is called the Quran
• There are 5 basic acts of worship called the Five
  Pillars of Islam all Muslims are required to
  follow
• The Five Pillars of Islam are the profession of
  faith, the five daily prayers, paying zakat,
  fasting through the holy month of Ramadan, and
  making the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once
• Islam also emphasizes the importance of the
  Jihad- the struggle to defend the faith

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Qur'an on display at the Islamic Arts Museum,
Kuala Lumpur
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Continued

• Muslims worship in mosques they have no
  furnishings only mats or rugs on which to kneel
  and pray
• There is no official clergy in Islam
• Men who are trained in the Quran and Islamic
  law guide the people in worship
• On Friday at noon, Muslims gather together for
  congressional prayer and sermons
• Women say the same prayers at home or in a
  section of the mosque that is set aside for them

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Section Review

• Because of the climate and geography, most early
  Arabs were _______ _______ called bedouins
• The bedouins were separated into tribes what were
  the leaders of these tribes called?
• Why was Mecca so important?
• Muhammads teachings clashed with Arab powers
  because it was _________
• Every year Arab pilgrims came to _____ to worship
  at the Kaaba- a stone building filled with idols
• What and became the first base of Islam?

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