Terrorism in the Modern World

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Terrorism in the Modern World

• Roots of Hate

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Terrorism

• Terrorism in the modern world revolves around
  fundamentalist Islam
• To understand the issues, it is important to look
  at Islam as a religion first.

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Islam

• World religion began by a prophet named Mohammed
  in the 7th century.
• A Muslim is a follower of Islam
• Nearly 1 in 7 people in the world are Muslims and
  Islam is the fastest growing religion in the
  world
• Principles include peace and respect

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Islam Religion by Continents
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A Split in Islam

• Islam has two divisions (Sunni, Shia)
• The split was over leadership of the religion
  after the death of Mohammed
• Today Sunnis are the larger group and tension
  continues between the groups (Iraq Sunni 30,
  Shia 65)
• Recently, sub-groups in both the Sunni and Shia
  sects have become more radical and violent
  (Al-Qaeda-Sunni)

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Shia Blue, Sunni Green
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Roots of hate in the Middle East

• Two major issues have sparked anger in many
  Middle Easterners, these are old issues that have
  come to a head in recent times
• 1. The nation of Israel
• 2. Oil Issues/ Western Influence

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Israel

• A Jewish nation est. in 1948 after WWII.
• Created out of an Arab territory called Palestine
  
• Much has been debated over the ownership of this
  holy land, which has led to a number of wars
  between Israel and its Arab neighbors
• America has financially and militarily supported
  Israel from the 1940s through today, making many
  Muslims upset with the US.

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Western Influence

• The valuable resource of oil was discovered in
  massive amount in the 1920s
• Many western companies began building trade
  relations.
• Many, Muslims began to fear changes in their
  culture and customs

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Oil Interests
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Oil Interests

• Recently, radical Muslims have begun to preach
  that their lands and people are being poisoned
  by western ideas and customs
• Many radicals became militaristic towards
  preserving Islam and radical organizations began
  to form in nations around the world

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Western/Arab Relations

• http//www.npr.org/news/specials/mideast/the_west/
  

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Al-Qaeda

• -Organization originate during Soviet Invasion of
  Afghanistan
• Goals
• 1.To fight a holy war against infidels in
  Muslim areas
• 2.Remove governments that do not follow forms
  of extreme Islam (Wahhabism)

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Soviet Afghan War1979-1989

• A communist government emerges in the late 70s
• The Mujahedeen is a group of armed militants who
  oppose the communist government
• The communists call on the Soviets for help and
  the Soviets respond by invading Afghanistan and
  fighting the Mujahedeen
• This is an opportunity for Islamic
  Fundamentalists to fight a jihad in Afghanistan

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• This creates an opportunity for Bin Laden to
  become involved in this jihad and fight alongside
  the Mujahedeen
• The United States supports the Mujahedeen by
  providing weapons, training, and even leading
  some operations
• Soviets realize they will not win, begin
  withdrawal in 1989
• Fundamentalists view this as a huge victory

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• Various warlords fight for power after communists
  are defeated
• A new group is emerging around 1994, the Taliban
• Controls Afghanistan from 1996-2001

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Al-Qaeda

• Bin Laden and other Mujahedeen veterans began
  constructing training camps throughout the Muslim
  world to fight in future jihads

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Al-Qaeda

• Al Qaeda is formed in Pakistan in 1996.
• Training camps are set up in Afghanistan.
• Members of Al-Qaeda have been trained in
• Weapons and explosives
• Sabotage and assassination techniques
• Torture and interrogation

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Taliban in Pakistan

• http//www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id2534933nta
  gcontentMaincontentBody
• March 9, 2007 604 AM
• http//www.cnn.com/video//video/world/2009/02/03/
  sayah.pakistan.taliban.buses.cnn?irefvideosearch
• 2-6-09 date shown on CNN

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Inside 9/11 (Overview)(National Geographic
video)

• Traces the time line that led up to the deadly
  attacks, spanning decades and circling the globe
  to lay bare the roots of al Qaeda.
• Capturing the horror and heroism witnessed on
  September 11, 2001, "Inside 9/11" takes viewers
  into the last moments of those who died and the
  thousands of others who survived