Healthy Lungs

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Healthy Lungs
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Our lungs are found inside our rib cage on either
side of the heart. They are spongy and pink in
colour and are made up of millions of air sacs.
The lungs take oxygen into the blood and remove
carbon dioxide from the blood. This is called gas
exchange and happens at the air sacs.
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A rings of cartilage
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A rings of cartilage
B windpipe
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
D air sacs
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
D alveolus
E rib muscles
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
D alveolus
E intercostal muscles
F diaphragm
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A
B
C
D
E
F
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During inhalation, we breathe in . The muscles of
the diaphragm and ribs contract During
exhalation , we breathe out. The muscles of the
diaphragm and ribs relax
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Breathing rate Our breathing rate is the number
of breaths you take in one minute. Breathing
rate will alter according to your size,sex age
fitness or activity. 1.Vital Capacity This is the
maximum volume of air you can breathe out after a
deep breath. 2.Tidal Volume This is the normal
volume of air in one breath. Both, allow us the
measure the health of the lungs
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• 3. Peak Flow
• This is measuring the maximum rate ( speed) at
  which air can be breathed out.
• Peak flow can be used to diagnose asthma.
• Exercise improves the efficiency of the lungs
• Activity 1 - Measuring Breathing Rate
• Collect a stopclock and work with a partner
• Time the number of breaths you take in one
  minute.(a breath in and out counts as 1 breath )
• Record this result.

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• My breathing rate at rest is ______________.
• What would happen to your breathing rate after
  exercise ?
• Activity 2 Measuring Vital Capacity and Tidal
  Volume
• Collect a spirometer and disposable mouthpiece.
• Your teacher will show you how to use the
  spirometer
• Take 3 readings and work out the average.
• Record this on your table

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5. Measure your tidal volume 3 times and work out
the average. Record this on your table.
Measurement 1 st. 2 nd. 3 rd. Average (mls.)
Vital Capacity
Tidal Volume

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Cigarettes contain many harmful substances. The
most harmful are tar,carbon monoxide and
nicotine Carbon monoxide is a posionous gas
found in cigarette smoke. It can be absorbed by
your red blood cells , instead of oxygen. This
starves your body of oxygen . Tar collects in
the lungs and causes lung cancer. Nicotine is
addictive like a drug making it very difficult
for smokers to stop.
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Alcohol is made by the action of yeast on sugar
solution. Different alcoholic drinks have a
different percentage of alcohol.
Drink of alcohol
Beer 4
cider 5
wine 11
whisky 40
brandy 40
rum 40
port 19
sherry 17
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• The effects of alcohol long term are harmful.
• Alcohol is a depressant drug and even in small
  amounts can slow down the brain.
• Alcohol causes
• Slow reactions
• blurred vision
• Impaired judgement
• Lack of co-ordination
• Long term effects can be brain damage,strokes and
  liver disease.

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1 unit of alcohol is equal to 15 mg./100ml. of
blood The following measures contain 1 unit of
alcohol Glass of wine ½ pint of beer ¼ gill of
whiskey or any other spirit Glass of sherry or
port It takes the liver an hour per unit drunk
to breakdown the alcohol in the blood.