Effects of the Columbian Exchange

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Effectsof theColumbian Exchange
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Identify the effects of the Columbian Exchange
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(No Transcript)
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The New World gave cotton and silver to the Old
World the silver led to mass inflation and the
that changed Europe forever.
price revolution
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Introduction of pack animals such as horses, and
domestic animals such as cows and goats led to
the development of new agricultural systems.
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New lands were available for the young European
aristocrats to seek their fortunes abroad.
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In the U.S., populations grew. More and more
people began to migrate into the cities. This
gave rise to more urbanization and a slow
development of faster working conditions (factory
systems).
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The growth of cities can be directly attributed
to the Agricultural Revolution that began with
the Columbian Exchange.
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The New World and Old World city populations and
workers were all supported by the increased
production of agricultural goods and crops like
potatoes.
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With an abundance of agricultural production,
more people were freed to become specialized in
their various crafts and professions.
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Slaves do not have citizenship in the U.S.
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Smallpox. typhus, influenza, and measles were
spread from the Europeans to the native
Americans. This resulted in millions of Native
American deaths in just a few years. The Native
Americans had no resistance to these diseases.
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In the New World, Europeans encountered
indigenous plant foods cultivated (grown) by
Native Americans. These included potatoes,
beans, squash, and maize (corn), which became one
of the world's most important cereal crops.
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Potatoes, beans, squash, and maize (corn) were
brought from the New World back to the Old World.
The effect on nutrition was so great that it
caused major population explosions.
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Europeans introduced crops like wheat, rice,
bananas, sugar, and wine grapes to America.
These became cash crops for export by the
colonists.
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Europeans brought domesticated animals to the New
World, including horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, and
fowl. These animals destroyed much of the New
Worlds croplands.
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Domesticated animals brought from the Old World
served as valuable sources of food, clothing and
energy in the New World.
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The New World disease of syphilis caused
widespread social and biological effects in
Europe.
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The Columbian Exchange created enormous increases
in food production and human populations.
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European products that brought about significant
changes in New World diets include wheat meat
and meat products such as milk, cheese and eggs
sugar citrus fruits, onions, garlic and certain
spices such as parsley, coriander, oregano,
cinnamon and cloves.
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The potato caused important changes in European
social life. Potatoes originated in the Andes
Mountains of Bolivia and Peru.
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Global economic interdependence
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Cultural diffusion
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America is inhabited by many different cultures
and religions.
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The spread of agriculture led to a greater
surplus of varieties of food used to boost the
worlds population.
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The Native Americans living in America were able
to take advantage of their newly acquired horses
to hunt bison.
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The Columbian Exchange led to the birth of the
Florida oranges, Texas cattle, and Hawaiian
pineapples.
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Maize produces good crops in various climatic
zones. Maize grows quickly and produces almost
double the yield of wheat.
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The potato continues to be one of the major
sources of food calories in the world.
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Horses became the primary source of
transportation in the New World until the early
20th century. Even today, we continue to measure
engines, including the automobile, in terms of
horsepower.
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" Smallpox was the captain of the men of death in
that war, typhus fever the first lieutenant, and
measles the second lieutenant. More terrible than
the conquistadores on horseback, more deadly than
sword and gunpowder..." (Asburn 1947)
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The early Spanish conquistadors brought gunpowder
to the Americas.
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The conquistadors brought the Catholic church and
priests with them and established missions such
as St. Augustine, San Diego and San Antonio.
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The Spanish also brought African slaves to work
on sugar plantations.
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Tobacco was brought from the New World to the Old
World.
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The Columbian Exchange destroyed the ecological
stability of vast areas, increased erosion of the
land, and led to the extinction of many
life-forms.